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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 341 (1973), S. 347-350 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Ultrafiltration of Whole Blood ; Blood Conductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method of continuous ultrafiltration of circulating blood in the intact rat is described. Thus, the serum concentrations of substances can be continuously followed, whose measurement in whole blood is made impossible by the corpuscular and macromolecular elements. As an example, conductivity curves in portal venous blood of the conscious rat after intraduodenal hydration are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Osmoregulation ; Hepatic Osmoreceptots ; Afferent Vagus ; Osmoregulation ; Hepatische Osmoreceptoren ; Afferenter Vagus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. An wachen Ratten mit einoperierten Gefäßkathetern werden gleichzeitig und mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit Wasser in die V. portae und 1,8% NaCl-Lösung in die V. cava inf. infundiert, um eine hepatogene Diurese zu induzieren; bei den Kontrollversuchen werden die Infusionsorte vertauscht. (Sogenannte “Doppelinfusionstechnik” zur Beschränkung der osmotischen Änderungen auf den Portalkreislauf.) 2. Der Leberast des rechten Vagus wird am wachen Tier mit Hilfe eines feinen Kunststoffadens durchgerissen, der vorher operativ um den Nerven gelegt wurde. 3. Anschließen wird die “Doppelinfusion” wiederholt. Die typische Antwort einer hepatogenen Diurese ist nicht mehr auslösbar. 4. Dieses Resultat gibt einen indirekten Beweis dafür, daß der afferente Weg der hepatischen Osmoreceptoren im N. vagus verläuft.
    Notes: Summary 1. In unanaesthetized rats with indwelling catheters simultaneous infusions of water into the portal vein and 1.8% NaCl solution into the caval vein are performed at equal rates to induce a hepatogenous diuresis. In the control experiments the infusion sites are reversed. (“Double infusion” technique in order to confine osmotic changes to the hepatic portal circulation.) 2. In the conscious animal the hepatic branch of the right vagus is cut by pulling a loop of a fine rayon thread previously placed around the nerve. 3. Now the “double infusion” is repeated but fails to provoke the typical hepatogenous diuretic responses. 4. This result gives indirect proof that the afferent pathway of hepatic osmoreceptors is to be found in the vagal nerve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Intestinal Water and Electrolyte Absorption ; Effect of Actively Transported Hexoses ; Conscious Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Perfusion experiments were carried out in the proximal jejunum and in the distal ileum of conscious rats, using a newly devised technique. The stimulation effect of actively transported hexoses on the sodium, potassium and fluid absorption is demonstrated. 1. There are quantitative differences concerning the effect of 3-O-methyl-d-glucose andd-glucose on the sodium and water absorption. 2. The stimulation by glucose can be seen only when the glucose concentration in the luminal fluid is greater than 10 mM. 3. The ratio of 3-O-methyl-d-glucose- to sodium-transfer-rate is 〉1, while it is exactly 1 in the experiments involvingd-glucose. 4. The sodium-water equivalent is isotonic under all experimental conditions. 5. In the presence of actively transported hexoses the secretion of potassium into an initially K+-free perfusate is significantly diminished. 6. The transport of potassium depends on the net fluid movement. 7. The stimulation of glucose and 3-O-methyl-d-glucose can only be demonstrated in the jejunum of rat whereas no effect is seen in the distal ileum and colon. 8. These results suggest that “solvent drag” isone factor which under the above mentioned experimental conditions affects the enhanced electrolyte and water absorption in the jejunum of the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 334 (1972), S. 74-84 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Intestinal Water and Electrolyte Absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. With a specially devised technique jejunal and ileal segments of conscious rats are perfused in an extracorporal closed circulation system. 2. In order to determine the net fluxes the changes of volume and electrolyte concentration of the perfusate are measured. 3. Continuous intravenous infusions of ADH (Arginin-Vasopressin) in physiological doses (between 40 and 200 μU/min) lead to a remarkable diminution of both volume and electrolyte (Na+, Cl−) absorption in the jejunum as well as in the ileum. 4. This is true for perfusions with hypotonic (0.45% NaCl), isotonic (0.9% NaCl) or hypertonic (1.2% NaCl) solutions Sometimes a net abosrption is converted into a net secretion under the effect of ADH. 5. In the range of infusions from 20 to 100 μU ADH/min×100 g of body weight we found a quasi-linear dose-effect-curve. 6. The equivalent of the transported amounts of sodium and volume remains unchanged under ADH. 7. Possible explanations are discussed in view of the two-membrane model of Curran.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 152 (1970), S. 8-19 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Rat colon ; Transmucosal net volume flux ; Intercellular spaces ; ATPase localisation ; Ratten-Colon ; Transepithelialer Nettovolumentransport ; Intercellularspalten ; ATPase-Lokalisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit einer speziellen in vivo-Perfusionstechnik wird an wachen Ratten das gesamte Colon (ca. 10 cm) extrakorporal im geschlossenen System mit Wasser, isotoner (0,9%) und hypertoner (1,8%) NaCl-Lösung durchströmt. Die jeweiligen Nettovolumenflüsse werden gemessen. Anschließend wird das Colon mit Osmium-Tetroxyd-Lösung (1%) perfundiert, in vivo fixiert und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Wie bereits in der 3. Mitteilung dieser Serie für das Jejunum gezeigt werden konnte, sind bei einem vorhandenen Nettovolumenfluß — blutwärts oder lumenwärts — die Intercellularspalten der Mucosazellen deutlich erweitert. Auch bei isotoner Perfusion (0,9% NaCl) sind — entsprechend der vorliegenden Nettoresorption — die intercellulären Kanäle erweitert. Im Bereich der „tight junctions” und „Interdigitationen“ bleibt der Kontakt zwischen den Zellen unter allen Bedingungen erhalten. Histochemisch findet sich ATPase besonders reichhaltig an den Microvilli und an den Intercellulargrenzen. Die Bedeutung des aktiven Natriumtransportes mit nachfolgendem Volumentransport an diesen Grenzflächen wird diskutiert. Wie beim Dünndarm spielen auch im Colon die Intercellularspalten der Mucosa eine wichtige Rolle als Transportweg für den Volumennuß in beiden Richtungen.
    Notes: Summary With a specially devised in vivo perfusion technique the entire colon (about 10 cm) of conscious rats is perfused extracorporally with water, isotonic (0.9%) and hypertonic (1.8%) solutions of saline. The net fluxes of volume are measured. Then the colon is perfused with osmium tetroxide (1%), fixed and studied by electron microscopy. As published in the 2nd paper of this series for the upper jejunum, in the case of net volume flux the intercellular spaces of the mucosal layer are markedly dilated. Even under isotonic conditions (0.9% of saline) the intercellular channels are widened according to the net absorption. At the “tight junctions” and “interdigitations” the contact between neighbouring cells remains unchanged under all of the above conditions. Histochemically ATPase is richly found at the microvilli and at the intercellular borders. The importance of the active transport of sodium at these borderlines and consequently of fluid is discussed. As in the jejunum, the intercellular spaces play an important role as a pathway for the fluid transport across the colonic mucosa in both directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 156 (1971), S. 151-156 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Intestinal absorption ; Intraluminal pressure ; In vivo perfusion technique ; Intestinale Resorption ; Intraluminaler Druck ; In vivo-Perfusionstechnik
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine früher beschriebene in vivo-Perfusionstechnik des Dünndarms an wachen Ratten benutzt, um die intestinale Resorption und Sekretion zu messen. Die Perfusion wird extrakorporal im offenen System durchgeführt. Hierbei wird fortlaufend das Gesamtgewicht der ein- und ausfließenden Flüssigkeit auf einer Waage registriert. Änderungen dieses Gesamtgewichtes entsprechen den Nettoflüssen durch die Mucosa. Die Na-Konzentration im Perfusat wird flammenphotometrisch verfolgt. Wird der intraluminale Druck im Bereich von 2 auf 25 mm Hg erhöht, so steigt auch die Nettovolumenresorption des Wassers von 2 auf etwa 6 ml/10 cm · Std. Gleichzeitig erhöht sich auch die im Perfusat auftretende Natriummenge von 300 auf etwa 500ΜVal/10 cm · Std. Beide Erscheinungen können nicht als Ergebnis der größeren Kraft eines intraluminalen Filtrationsdruckes verstanden werden. Vielmehr können sie durch eine Entfaltung des intestinalen Lumens erklärt werden, die auf einem Anstieg des intraluminalen Drucks beruht und zu einer vergrößerten inneren Resorptionsfläche führt.
    Notes: Summary A previously described in vivo perfusion technique of the small bowel in unanaesthetized rats is used to measure intestinal secretion and absorption. The perfusions are carried out in an extracorporal open system of circulation. During a perfusion the total weight of the inflowing and outflowing fluid is measured on a balance. Changes of this total weight correspond to transmucosal net fluxes. The sodium concentration is measured. An increase of the intraluminal perfusion pressure in the range of 2 to 25 mm Hg brings about a linear increase of net volume absorption of water from 2 to approx. 6 ml/10 cm · hr. Simultaneously, the amount of sodium appearing in the perfusate rises from 300 to about 500ΜVal/10 cm · hr. Both phenomenons cannot be understood as results of an increased force of intraluminal filtration pressure. They can be explained by an unfolding of the intestinal lumen due to an increased intraluminal pressure, thus leading to a larger internal absorptive surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 403-410 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Small intestine (rat) ; Transport of peroxidase ; Epithelium ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Ratten tritt 3 min nach intravenöser Injektion von Peroxydase elektronenmikroskopisch ein entsprechendes Reaktionsprodukt im Kapillarlumen der Lamina propria des Dünndarms und an der Basalmembrangrenze der Saumepithelzellen auf. 5 min nach der Injektion finden sich im basalen Abschnitt des Darmepithels pinozytotische Bläschen mit dem Peroxydase-Reaktionsprodukt. — 10–30 min nach der Injektion erreichen die Partikel die apikalen Teile der Zelle. Sie dringen in den interzellulären Spalten bis zu den Haftplatten vor, erreichen jedoch nie das Darmlumen. Im Dünndarm existiert vermutlich auch ein der Resorption entgegengesetzter Saftstrom, der durch Peroxydase markiert werden kann.
    Notes: Summary In rats, 3 minutes after intravenous injection of peroxidase the reaction product can be observed electronmicroscopically in the lumina of the capillaries of the small intestine as well as at the border of the basement membrane of the epithelial border cells. Pinocytotic vesicles containing peroxidase particles occur in the basal portion of the epithelium of the small intestine 5 minutes after injection. 10–30 minutes later, the peroxidase reaches the apical region of the cell. The particles infiltrate into the intercellular spaces as far as the tight junctions but never reach the intestinal lumen. In the small intestine there probably exists a flow of fluid in opposite direction to the resorption, which can be marked by peroxidase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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