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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 248 (1974), S. 135-136 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the course of our investigations, we discovered that 5-hydroxytryptamine accumulates to a striking degree in the blood vessels in the region of cortical injury, although the oedematous white matter iself does not show any appreciable change in its 5-hydroxytryptamine levels. Here we describe ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 21 (1972), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gamma Radiation ; Shark Brain ; Glycogen Reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparison was made between the effects of gamma radiation on the elasmobranch and the mammalian brain. Thirty-seven nurse sharks (ginglymostoma cirratum) received a single exposure, in a range of 1 000 to 30 000 rads, to the brain. The animals remained seemingly unaffected in their behavior and at their sacrifice, between one day and 28 months after irradiation, no histological changes could be detected with the exception of one shark (exposed to 30 000 and sacrificed after 12 months) which showed two small necrotic lesions in the tegmentum. No detectable difference in amount and distribution of glycogen in the brain could be demonstrated between irradiated and non-irradiated sharks. Also, the irradiated sharks showed no changes of the blood-brain barrier to protein tracer. Rats irradiated with 25 000 to 30 000 rads to the brain from the same source died shortly after exposure or showed extensive necrotic lesions in the brain. These was also an intense accumulation of glycogen mostly in the astrocytes and a widespread disturbance of the bloodbrain barrier to Evans Blue-albumin tracer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Arterial Hypertension ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Protein Tracers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung akuter Hypertension auf die Blut-Hirnschranke für Proteine wurde untersucht. Die arterielle Blutdrucksteigerung wurde durch. i.v. Verabreichung von Metaraminol-bitartrat (Aramine®) erzeugt. Als Schrankenindikator wurde Evansblau verwendet. Multiple Herde von Evansblau-Extravasaten fanden sich in der grauen Hirnsubstanz frühestens 10 min nach plötzlicher Steigerung des Blutdruckes um 90 mm Hg oder höher. Fluorescenzoptische Untersuchungen ergaben, daß der Indicator durch die Wand der intracerebralen Gefäße ausgetreten war und sich in zahlreichen benachbarten Nervenzellen angesammelt hatte. EEG-Ableitungen der blau angefärbten Rindenareale ergaben Veränderungen der neuronalen Aktivität.
    Notes: Summary A study was made on the effect of acute hypertension on the blood-brain barrier to proteins. The arterial blood pressure was raised by intravenous injections of metaraminol bitartrate (Aramine) and Evans Blue was used as protein tracer. Multiple foci Evans Blue extravasation became evident in the gray matter of the brain as early as 10 min after the sudden increase of blood pressure by 90 mm Hg or higher. As observed under the fluorescence microscope, the tracer had penetrated the walls of intracerebral vessels and accumulated in numerous adjacent neurons. EEG recordings from blue stained areas of the cerebral cortex showed changes in neuronal activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-Brain Barrier ; Cerebral Ischemia ; Cerebral Infarction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Bluthirnschranke (BHS) für Proteintracer bei focaler cerebraler Ischämie und bei Hirninfarkten infolge dauerndem oder passagem Verschluß der A. cerebri media (ACM) wurde beim Rhesusaffen untersucht. Dauernder Verschluß der ACM für 1–48 Std verursachte nur ausnahmsweise einen Austritt von i.v. injiziertem Evansblau, während vorübergehende Klemmung von 4 Std Dauer gefolgt von Wiederdurchblutung durch 2 Std häufig einen Austritt der Markierungssubstanz, vor allem in den grauen Anteilen des Versorgungsgebietes der ACM bewirkte. Drosselung der Kollateralversorgung während Verschlusses der ACM für weniger als 4 Std verursachte keinen Austritt des Tracers. Wenn der passagere Verschluß der ACM keine oder nur eine histologisch faßbare Hirngewebsnekrose verursachte, so war unabhängig von der Überlebenszeit des Tieres kein Farbstoffaustritt nachweisbar. Affen mit mittelgroßen subcorticalen Infarkten und Überlebenszeiten zwischen 3 Tagen und 3 Wochen zeigten Evansblauaustritte in 50% der Fälle, während fast alle Tiere mit großen corticalen und subcorticalen Infarkten eine abnorme Blaufärbung von Teilen der Läsionen aufwiesen. Keines der Tiere, die 23 Tage oder länger nach Verschluß der ACM untersucht wurden, zeigte Störungen der BHS. Der Austritt des Tracers während der ersultierenden Hirngewebsnekrose, doch ist die darauffolgende Restitution der BHS-Funktion unabhängig von der Größe des Infarkts.
    Notes: Summary A study was made on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to protein tracers in focal cerebral ischemia and infarction caused by permanent or temporary occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the rhesus monkey. Permanent occlusion of the MCA for 1–48 hrs only exceptionally caused extravasation of intravenously injected Evans blue, but temporary occlusion for 4 hrs followed by recirculation for 2 hrs frequently caused exudation of the tracer, particularly in the grey matter of the MCA territory. Reduction of the collateral supply during MCA occlusion of less than 4 hrs did not cause extravasation of the tracer. If the temporary MCA occlusion caused no or only microscopical brain necrosis, no extravasation of the dye could be detected, irrespective of the survival time of the animal. Monkeys with medium-sized subcortical infarcts and survival times between 3 days and 3 weeks showed exudation of evans blue in 50% of the cases, whereas almost all animals with large cortical and subcortical infarcts showed abnormal blue staining in parts of the lesions. All animals examined 23 days or later after the MCA occlusion did not show any changes of the BBB. Extravasation of the tracer during the first 3 weeks after MCA occlusion is therefore related to thesize of the resulting brain necrosis, but restitution of the BBB occurs thereafter irrespective of infarct size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 20 (1972), S. 335-347 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Spinal Cord Ischemia ; Neurons ; Glycogen ; UDPG-transferase ; Glycogen Phosphorylase ; Histochemistry ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Partial ischemia of the spinal cord in adult cats was induced by abdominal aortic ligation. The most striking abnormality was an accumulation of glycogen in large motor neurons and astroglia in the peripheral anterior horns. Little or no histological and ultrastructural abnormalities were present in these regions. The first glycogen deposits appeared after 1/2 h in glial cells, whereas glycogen accumulation in neurons was first noticeable 1 h after ligation reaching a maximum in 24 h. A gradual decrease occurred with disappearance of glycogen at 10 days. Increase in UDPG-transferase was found preceeding glycogen appearance, and increase in glycogen-phosphorylase activity occurred later concurrent with glycogen accumulation. This unique neuronal glycogen deposition may be due to the UDPG-transferase normally present in γ-motor neurons of the anterior horns. Other possible mechanisms are also considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 22 (1972), S. 158-169 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain Stab Wound ; Glycogen Reaction ; Histochemistry ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Abnormal accumulation of glycogen around cerebral stab wounds was studied histochemically, electron microscopically, and quantitatively in rats 4, 13, 28 days old and in adult (90–150 days old) animals. Glycogen did not accumulate around stab wounds in 4 and in 13-day old rats, whereas a considerable accumulation of glycogen was present in the 28 day and in adult animals. There was a close parallelism between the amount of glycogen accumulated and the degree of maturation of oxidative enzyme activity as reflected by succinic dehydrogenase activity in the cortex. In 28 day and in adult animals, a pale central necrotic core was surrounded by a zone of reduced enzyme activity. The region of glycogen accumulation was located peripherally to this zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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