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  • 1965-1969  (7)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (7)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytology of the fetal zone of the adrenal gland of the armadilloSupported by National Science Foundation grant GB-2476 and NICHD grant 5T1-HD-21. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 807-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the adrenal gland of the fetal armadillo was examined by electron microscopy to determine whether or not there were two cell types in the parenchyma of the fetal zone, as suggested by examination by light microscopy, and whether any of the cells of this zone had the cytological features associated with steroid production.Two cell types were found. One cell type is composed of large cells situated in clusters and containing a relative paucity of organelles. The other cell type is composed of smaller, eosinophilic, PAS positive cells, situated primarily in a reticular pattern around the blood vessels. This second cell type has numerous spherical mitochondria with tubular cristae and an extensive tubular agranular endoplasmic reticulum. It is concluded that this latter cell type is responsible for the steroid production reported by other authors. Both of the cell types of the fetal zone appear to be derived from the original mesenchymal blastema of the adrenal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540409
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The placenta of the four-eyed opossum (philander opossum)Philander opossum)Supported by grant 5 RO1 HD02613 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 165 (1969), S. 431-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The placental membranes of the four-eyed opossum were studied by light and electron microscopy. The individual fetuses in each uterus were surrounded by amnion, had allantoic sacs of approximately the same size as each fetus, and were situated in a common yolk sac cavity. The extent of the choriovitelline placenta was marked by a prominent sinus terminalis, and at this margin there was a region where the trophoblast cells penetrated folds of the endometrium. Elsewhere the choriovitelline placenta was closely applied to the uterine epithelium along most of its surface, but the microvilli of the two epithelia did not interdigitate. Numerous inclusion bodies were seen in the trophoblast of both the choriovitelline and bilaminar omphalopleure portions of the placenta, but the aggregates were larger in the latter. The endoderm cells of the choriovitelline placenta had extensive endoplasmic reticulum and numerous mitochondria, but did not have conspicuous absorption canaliculi.Placentation in the four-eyed opossum appears to represent a progressive advance over that of the Virginia opossum both in confluence of the yolk sacs of the fetuses and in having a region of penetration of the maternal endometrium by trophoblast.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091650311
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytological aspects of trophoblast-uterine interaction in early implantationThis study was supported by grant GB 5024 from the National Science Foundation, and grant 5 RO1 HD-02613 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 125 (1969), S. 1-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Trophoblast-uterine epithelial cell interrelationships were studied using implantation sites from the rat, rabbit, guinea pig, armadillo, bat and ferret. It was found that in all species trophoblast cells extend over several epithelial cells at the apposition stage of implantation. Trophoblast can adhere to the apical ends of uterine epithelial cells by primitive junctional complexes. More surprisingly, in most species desmosomal junctions are formed between trophoblast and the lateral aspects of uterine epithelial cells by primitive junctional complexes. More surprisingly, in most species desmosomal junctions are formed between trophoblast and the lateral aspects of uterine epithelial cells by primitive junctional complexes. More surprisingly, in most species forms the complementary protion of the apical junctional complexes with the adjacent luminal epithelial cells. Certain basement membranes appear to be barriers to trophoblast invastion in some species but not in others. There is little evidence that trophoblast is cytolytic, whereas all of the trophoblast examined gave some evidence of phagocytic activity, and the trophoblast of some of the more invasive forms showed evidence of being histolytic.It is suggested that the capacity of trophoblast to form junctions with epithelial cells is an important part of the implantation process, facilitating penetration of the endometrium without dislodgment of the blastocyst.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001250102
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of the fine structure of the trophoblast in several hemochorial placentasSupported by National Science Foundation grant GB-1166. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 116 (1965), S. 29-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Portions of the labyrinth or villi of placentas from late pregnancy from nine species in four orders of mammals were examined with the electron microscope. Pronounced patterns of layering of the trophoblast were found in these placentas which were all of the hemochorial type. The laboratory rat, laboratory mouse, hamster, and deer mouse have three layers of trophoblast between the maternal blood space and fetal vessels (hemotrichorial), the rabbit two layers (hemodichorial), the guinea pig and chipmunk one layer (labyrinthine hemomonochorial), and the human and armadillo one layer (villous hemomonochorial).The outer layer of trophoblast of the hemotrichorial placentas (the layer next to the maternal blood) is cellular, but the next two layers are apparently syncytial and are closely apposed to one another. The outer layer of the rabbit placenta is syncytial, while the inner layer contains some pockets of cells. In all of the hemomonochorial placentas examined, the continuous layer of trophoblast was syncytial. It was found that the surface layer of trophoblast of all the placentas studied is rich in granular endoplasmic reticulum, whereas in subsequent layers this element is less abundant. All of the placentas show both surface and basal modifications of trophoblast, but caveolae (pinocytotic vesicles) were found to be most commonly located in crypts, pockets, or other regions somewhat removed from the surface. It is suggested that an area of relative stasis of maternal plasma may be important for absorption of some substances by the placenta.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001160103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation and structure of the hemodichorial chorio-allantoic placenta of the bat (Myotis lucifugus lucifugusy)This study was supported by grant 1 RO1 HD-02613, from the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, and grants G-24043, GB-6435X, and GB-5024 from the National Science Foundation. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 122 (1968), S. 453-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The definitive chorio-allantoic placenta of the bat is hemodichorial, since the cytotrophoblast layer persists to term. The syncytium contains intrasyncytial lacunae in which there is a continuous lamina interrupted only where portions of the syncytium communicate with the thin ectoplasmic layer at the surface of the maternal blood spaces.The future cytotrophoblast and syncytial trophoblast layers can be distinguished shortly after implantation. The future syncytial layer is not syncytial until after it invests most of the anastomotic vessels of the vascular tuft. The resulting labyrinth is converted from the vaso-chorial to the hemodichorial condition as processes of syncytium pass through the basement membrane of the maternal vessels and spread out under the endothelial cells. The basement membrane is then included within the syncytium as the intrasyncytial lamina, and the maternal endothelial cells are lost. The numerous communications of the maternal vessels with the labyrinth seen early in gestation are reduced through occlusion of many of the efferent channels, which process also contributes areas of necrosis to the decidua basalis. The peculiarity of a maternal extracellular membrane being incorporated into the fetal portion of the placenta is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001220303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A morphological analysis of the early implantation stages in the ratThis work was supported by grant GB-2476 from the National Science Foundation. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 120 (1967), S. 185-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By making use of the known sequence of ovulation and fertilization in Holtzman rats, the Pontamine Blue reaction, and electron microscopy, the first stages in implantation were studied. Implantation is initiated when the blastocyst becomes clasped by the endometrium and hence assumes a fixed position (evening of day 5). At this stage, the trophoblast cells are in close association with the uterine epithelial cells, with interdigitating microvilli in places, but decidualization of the fibroblasts is just beginning. In the second stage of implantation the decidualized fibroblasts form a cup around the luminal epithelium. Evidence of adhesion of the cell membranes of trophoblast cells with the cell membranes of luminal epithelial cells can be seen at this time. The layer of fibroblasts immediately surrounding the luminal epithelium becomes epithelioid, resulting in a relative isolation of the luminal epithelium from its vascularization. This stage is well-developed by the afternoon of day 6. By the morning of day 7, the luminal epithelium has disappeared from the region of the forming ectoplacental cone down to the level of the abembryonic trophoblast. The trophoblast cells on the lateral aspect of the blastocyst are directly in contact with the residual basement membrane of the luminal epithelial cells, and are separated by this structure and a small connective tissue cleft from the stromal cells. The importance of the relative isolation of the epithelium by the stromal reaction and the adhesion of the cell membrane of the trophoblast cells to the cell membranes of epithelial cells with regard to removal and phagocytosis of epithelial elements are discussed, and many of the cytological features observed during the process are described.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001200202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of anchoring villi of the human placentaI would like to thank Dr. Frederick Kraus, Associate Pathologist, St. Luke's Hospital, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, especially Dr. Ernst Friedrich, for aid in getting the early placental stages. This work was supported by grants GB-5024 from the National Science Foundation, and 1 RO1 HD 02613 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 122 (1968), S. 419-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Anchoring villi from the first trimester, early second trimester, and term were examined with the electron microscope. It was found that the small anchoring villi of the third and fourth month were particularly informative, since at this stage the cytotrophoblast is still proliferating, yet these cells form a compact discoidal region at the surface of the basal plate. Transitions from relatively undifferentiated cytotrophoblast cells adjacent to the stroma of the villus to large isolated cells surrounded by fibrinoid could readily be followed. These highly differentiated cytotrophoblast cells were found to have extensive regions of fine filaments, in addition to their pronounced endoplasmic reticulum, and were designated fibrous cytotrophoblast cells. The nature of the frequently incomplete epithelium covering anchoring villi at term was described, and some of the functions of the cytotrophoblast are discussed in relation to the observations of their fine structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001220302
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