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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 210 (1966), S. 1150-1151 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] All experiments were carried out in electrolytic respiro-meter flasks with gas analyses being made with a Beekman '0(7-2' gas chromatograph6. pH determinations were made using a Beekman 'model G' p~H. meter. The following reagents were used: aqueous potassium nitrite equivalent to 10,000 p.p.m. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Vascular Smooth Muscle ; Thermoelastic Properties ; Noradrenaline ; Dose-Response Curves ; Temperature ; Tension ; Propanolol ; Escape Phenomenon ; Gefäßmuskel ; Thermoelastische Eigenschaften ; Noradrenalin ; Dosis-Wirkungs-Kurven ; Temperatur ; Spannung ; Propanolol ; Escape-Phänomen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Registrierung von Dosis-Wirkungskurven an isolierten Spiralstreifen aus der Rattenaorta im Konzentrationsbereich von 3·10−10 bis 5·10−6 g NA/ml führte zu folgenden Ergebnissen: 1. Im Bereich von 10−8 bis 10−6 g NA/ml besteht eine positiv logarithmische Beziehung zwischen Noradrenalinmenge und isometrisch entwickelter Spannung. Bei weiter ansteigenden Noradrenalindosen nimmt die Kontraktionsamplitude des Gefäßmuskels konzentrationsabhängig und signifikant ab (Abb. 2). 2. Der bei 37° C und 6000–7000 mg/mm2 Faserdehnung (=2000 mg Belastung) besonders deutliche Gipfel der Dosis-Wirkungskurve liegt mit 1·10−6 g NA/ml in der bei Nervenreiz lokal in situ aufgebauten Größenordnung. 3. Die Veränderung der Ruhespannung auf Grund der passiven thermoelastischen Eigenschaften beträgt bei unserer Versuchsanordnung durchschnittlich 15,4 mg/o C (Abb. 1). 4. Eine Erniedrigung der Badtemperatur auf 30° C führt ebenso wie eine Steigerung der Faserdehnung von 500 auf 2000 mg zur deutlichen Verschiebung des Maximums der Dosis-Wirkungskurve zu niedrigeren Werten, wobei die negative Korrelation zwischen Noradrenalin-Menge und entwickelter Spannung im hohen Konzentrationsbereich ausgeprägter wird (Abb. 2 und 3). 5. Propanolol führt zur Verlagerung des Gipfels der Dosis-Wirkungskurve in Richtung höherer Konzentrationen (Abb. 4). 6. Bei einmaliger, nicht kumulativer Gabe von Noradrenalin wird die Dosis-Wirkungskurve bis zur entsprechenden Konzentration durchlaufen. Größere Dosen können dabei zu einer biphasischen Spannungsänderung führen (“Escape-Phänomen”), die unter Propanolol verschwindet (Abb. 5).
    Notes: Summary In isolated helical strips of the rat aorta, dose-response curves of noradrenaline were tested in concentrations ranging between 3×10−10 and 5×10−6g NA/ml. The following results were obtained: 1. There was a positive logarithmical correlation with increasing doses of noradrenaline between 10−8 and 10−6 g NA/ml. Further increases of noradrenaline resulted in a significant decrease of the isometric tension of the vascular smooth muscle, this being also concentration-dependend (Fig. 2). 2. At 37° C and 6000–7000 mg/mm2 tension/cross section (or 2000 mg basic tension of the strip), the peak of the dose-response curve was found at 1×10−6 g NA/ml; this corresponding to the local concentration at the nerve endings by electrical stimulation. 3. The passive thermoelastic properties of the tissue changed the basic tension about 15,4 mg/o C (Fig. 1). 4. Reducing the bath temperature to 30° C, as well as enhancing the tension from 500 to 2000 mg, the maximum of the dose-response curve was displaced to lower concentrations. The negative correlation between noradrenaline-concentrations and tension developed became more pronounced (Fig. 2 and 3). 5. Propanolol shifted the peak of the dose-response curve to higher noradrenaline-concentrations (Fig. 4). 6. If noradrenaline was added in a single dose instead of cumulatively, the doseresponse curve was passed until the corresponding concentration was reached. At higher noradrenaline-concentrations the tension could be changed biphasically (“escape phenomenon”). This effect disappeared following propanolol (Fig. 5).
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The perfusion of the vascular beds of the skin, skeletal muscle and intestine with the animals own blood was stabilized, and the vasoconstrictor fibres leading to these areas stimulated. The correlation between the impulse frequency of stimulation and the degree of vasoconstriction is represented in the frequency response curve. The curves obtained for each vascular bed are significantly different. 1. The steepness of the frequency response curves between the stimulation frequency 1–10 imp./sec shows its highest value at the vascular bed of the skin, becomes lower at that of the skeletal muscle, and reaches its smallest value at the mesenterial vascular bed. The steepness can be correlated to the capability of summation of the vascular smooth muscle. 2. If the stimulation frequency exceeded a certain value, the degree of vasoconstriction became smaller. This value was found in the vascular bed of the skin at 10 imp./sec, in the mesenterial vascular bed at 25 imp./sec, and in the vascular bed of skeletal muscle at 100 imp./sec. At these values of stimulation frequency the maximum of vasoconstriction was reached. Only the frequency response curve of the skeletal muscle vascular bed showed a maximum-plateau between about 20–100 imp./sec. For the other examined areas the maximum of vasoconstriction was distinct. 3. The relaxation time of the vascular smooth muscles (each one starting from the end of stimulation, ending when the control level of the resistance was reached) was significantly different in these vascular areas. The time period was found to be longest at the vascular bed of the skin, medium at that of the skeletal muscle, and smallest in the mesenterial vascular bed. On changing the stimulation frequency a maximum of relaxation time at 25–50 imp./sec for each examined vascular bed, most obviously for the skin, could be observed. These characteristic differences can be explained by: different activities of enzymes acting in the elimination of the transmitter; differences in the structure of the vascular beds; different mechanisms of the local regulation of the perfusion (e.g. autoregulatory escape, autoregulation). Regarding the frequency response curves presented in this paper and those of other effectoric systems it is obvious, that with an uniform increase of the impulse frequency in all sympathetic nerves the maximum of reaction in different organs is reached stepwise at different impulse frequencies, for example at 3 imp./sec (inotropic influence of the heart), at 25–50 imp./sec (vasoconstriction at the mesenterial vascular bed). This enables the organism to maintain a differentiated sympathetic control of the organs by one and the same modulation of the impulse frequency in all sympathetic nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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