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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 116 (1994), S. 7341-7348 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 85 (1963), S. 2616-2621 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 277-282 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Because of the high rate of spontaneous remission, treatment of membranous nephropathy with prednisolone and chlorambucil is still controversial. The aim of this study was to give this therapy only to those patients at risk of developing renal insufficiency and to test the efficacy of a low-dose therapeutic regimen. Seventeen patients with more than 10 g protein excretion per day (mean 16.9) and/or a deterioration in renal function (mean serum creatinine, 162 μmol/l) were included. Serum total protein, serum lipids, proteinuria, serum creatinine, and blood pressure were measured, along with the diuretic and antihypertensive medication. The observation time before the start of treatment was 27 ± 27 months. Steroids were given during months 1, 3, and 5 (methylprednisolone 3 × 500 mg intravenously) prednisolone 0.5 mg/kgBW daily per os for 1 week, then tapered by 0.1 mg/kg BW/week for 1 month. Chlorambucil was given during months 2, 4, and 6 at a dose of 0.12 mg/kgBW daily. At the end of treatment proteinuria had significantly decreased (mean of all patients, 7.8 ± 1.4 g/d) in all patients. Six months after the end of treatment proteinuria was significantly lower than at baseline in 14 of 17 patients. Hypoproteinemia and hyperlipidemia had improved; diuretic and antihypertensive medication were reduced. Elevated serum creatinine decreased in 7 of 9 patients (pretreatment, 227 ± 39 μmol/1; 6 months, 176 ± 28 μmol/l). Nonresponders with respect to serum creatinine responded with respect to proteinuria. Regarding adverse effects, two patients complained of dyspepsia while taking steroids; during chlorambucil treatment two patients experienced nausea and lack of appetite, and one developed leukopenia (1600/μl). Chlorambucil was stopped and cell counts normalized 2 weeks later. We conclude that low-dose prednisolone/chlorambucil is both safe and efficient in the majority of patients with severe membranous nephropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 54 (1992), S. 153-176 
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 21 (1993), S. 229-234 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einsatz von Antibiotika bei schwerer akuter Pankreatitis (Stadium II und III) ist indiziert, da bakterielle Komplikationen häufigste Todesursache sind. Ceftazidim wurde hinsichtlich seiner Permeation in das Pankreassekret, in gesundes und chronisch entzündetes Pankreasgewebe sowie in nekrotische Areale bei schwerer Pankreatitis des Menschen untersucht. Im Pankreassekret fand sich 60 Minuten nach intravenöser Gabe von 35 mg/kg eine Spitzenkonzentration von 12,9±5,9 mg/l. Das sind 32% des korrespondierenden Serumspiegels. Die Gewebespiegel variierten, in Abhängigkeit vom Enzündungsstadium, zwischen 9 und 79% der jeweiligen Serumkonzentration. Auch in Pankreasnekrosen ließen sich nach fünftägiger Behandlung (3 × 2 g) Ceftazidimspiegel zwischen 1,8 und 6,9 mg/kg nachweisen. Somit sind in allen untersuchten Kompartimenten ausreichend hohe, antibakterielle Wirkspiegel nach Gabe von Ceftazidim in therapeutischer Dosierung nachweisbar, so daß sich aus pharmakokinetischer Sicht Ceftazidim als ein potentiell geeignetes Präparat bei Pankreatitis anbietet.
    Notes: Summary The use of antibiotics in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (stage II and III) is indicated since bacterial complications are the most common cause of death in these patients. In the present study the penetration of ceftazidime into pancreatic juice, into healthy and chronically inflamed pancreatic tissue as well as into necrotic regions in cases of severe acute pancreatitis was investigated. A peak concentration of 12.9±5.9 mg/l was found 60 min after intravenous administration of 35 mg/kg of the drug, which is 32% of the corresponding serum levels. Pancreatic tissue concentrations varied between 9 and 79% of the corresponding serum levels, depending on the stage of inflammation. After five days of antibiotic treatment with doses of 2 g t.i.d., concentrations between 1.8 and 6.9 mg/kg were detected even in pancreatic necroses. This suggests that sufficient antibacterial levels of ceftazidime were present in all pancreatic compartments analyzed following administration of common therapeutic dosages. Therefore, from a pharmacokinetic point of view, ceftazidime could be a potentially effective drug for the treatment of pancreatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 26-29 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. S120 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Kidney ; Antihypertensive drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antihypertensive therapy influences kidney function by different mechanisms depending on the mode of action of the drug used. The GFR is improved by calcium entry blockers and ACE inhibitors, unaffected by vasodilators, α-blockers and centrally acting sympatholytics and impaired by β-blockers. The same is true for renal blood flow and is due to changes of renal vascular resistance. Renal sodium excretion is impaired mostly by vasodilators, by α-blockers, sympatholytics and β-blockers; in contrast, calcium entry blockers and ACE inhibitors acutely induce natriuresis. The RAAS is stimulated by vasodilators, unaffected by α-blockers and sympatholytics and suppressed by β-blockers. Plasma catecholamines are stimulated by vasodilators and suppressed by centrally acting sympatholytics and unaffected by the others. Induction of acute renal functional impairment is reported for ACE inhibitors under conditions of compromised renal perfusion pressure such as in renal artery stenosis. These data from the literature reviewed are supported by our own experimental data on sodium balance under different drugs and micropuncture data in experimental renal artery stenosis. To achieve effective antihypertensive treatment with a low profile of side effects, careful monitoring of renal function seems to be mandatory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 254 (1993), S. 1438-1439 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 2 (1964), S. 87-104 
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei gesunden Normalpersonen wurde gammaspektrometrisch über die Gamma-Emission des im natürlichen Kalium enthaltenen Isotops K40 der Gesamtkörper kaliumgehalt gemessen. Der Mittelwert von GKK betrug bei Männern 1,68 gK/kg, bei Frauen 1,51 gK/kg mit einer Schwankungsbreite ≤± 15% (n=92). Die flammenphotometrisch gemessene Kaliumkonzentration im Plasma von Normalpersonen war 4,03 mäq/l±0,26, die gleichzeitig gemessene Kaliumkonzentration im Erythrozytensediment 90,9 mäq/l Sediment±2,6 (n=57). Bei gesunden Versuchspersonen wurden die drei genannten Kaliumparameter gleichzeitig gemessen und die Veränderung dieser Größen bei der durch ein Saluretikum verursachten experimentellen Kaliumverarmung verfolgt. Während einer Versuchsperiode von 7 Tagen nahm der Gesamtkörperkaliumgehalt bei Einnahme vonChlorthalidon (2×100 mg/Tag) im Mittel um 7,7%, die Kaliumkonzentration in Plasma bzw. Erythrozyten um 27,5% bzw. 3,1% ab. Erythrozyten stellen unter den hier gewählten Versuchsbedingungen ein Zellsystem dar, das qualitativ Änderungen der Kaliumkonzentration des intrazellulären Raumes anzeigt. Das Ausmaß des Kaliumverlustes ist jedoch bei anderen Zellsystemen größer, wie sich aufgrund der Bestimmung des Gesamtkörperkaliumgehaltes nachweisen läßt. Die Bedeutung der Bestimmung verschiedener Kaliumparameter beim Menschen für die klinische Beurteilung pathologischer Zustände wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 272 (1960), S. 84-84 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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