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  • Digitale Medien  (3)
  • 2000-2004  (1)
  • 1955-1959  (2)
Materialart
  • Digitale Medien  (3)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 617-623 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): PACS: 68.55.Ln; 73.50.Pz; 82.80.Ej
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract. A survey of the hydrogen concentration distribution in the various layers of chalcopyrite solar cells is presented. Depth profiles were measured by the nuclear reaction analysis method for the glass substrate, Mo back contact, Cu(In,Ga)S2 or Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber, CdS buffer, and ZnO window layer. We find that hydrogen is present in all layers in concentrations exceeding the solubility of hydrogen in the corresponding crystalline bulk materials. This indicates that the deposition process and the polycrystallinity of the layers favor the uptake of hydrogen. The measured concentrations range from some 1018 H/cm3 in the absorber up to some 1021 H/cm3 in the CdS buffer layer. Effects of annealing at elevated temperatures are reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Monochromatic X-ray diffraction patterns of rayons in the air dry and water swollen state are compared quantitatively. Taking into account the differaction pattern of water, the evaluation shows that the contribution of the cellulose component is only slightly different in the two cases, even if freshly spun never dried fibers are included. In particular, and in conformity with previous findings of Kratky and Sekora, there is no indication of a difference in the quantity of crystalline cellulose in the swollen and in the dry fibers.
    Notizen: Ein quantitativer Vergleich der äquatorialen Streukurven von Röntgenaufnahmen gequollener und lufttrockener Reyonfasern, unter Berücksichtigung der Wasserstreuung, ergibt, daß die Streuung des Celluloseanteiles in beiden Fällen sehr wenig verschieden ist, auch wenn die Fäden in spinnfrischem Zustand untersucht werden. Insbesondere gibt es, in Übereinstimmung mit früheren auf anderem Wege erhaltenen Ergebnissen von Kratky und Sekora, keine Andeutung dafür, daß ein mengenmäßiger Unterschied in dem kristallinen Anteil gequollener und trockener Fasern vorliegt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: This paper reports on quantitative measurements of the small angle scattering of various rayons and ramie fibers as functions of moisture content using a three slit vacuum camera and monochromatic radiation. The scattered intensity was normalized on sample thickness and primary intensity through determination of the absorbance of the sample and of the intensity of the transmitted beam measured in arbitrary units. From these data the scattering power as defined by Porod, being the mean square of the fluctuations of the electron density, was calculated. This quantity was then converted into electron units through calibration of the procedure with exposures of noble metal sols of known composition and thus of computable scattering power. The exprimental results were compared with the scattering power calculated for cellulose fibers when regarded as submicro tow-phase systems consisting of crystalline cellulose imbedded in a homogeneous mixture of noncrystalline cellulose and water. In the air-dry state a few of the rayon speciman examined exhibited a scattering power of magnitude consistent with theory. The majority yielded much higher values, up to six times larger (so does dry ramie). This is interpreted by the occurrence of submicro voids to a volume fracton of less than 0.75%, variable from fiber to fiber. This explanation is corroborated by the existenc of a distinct correlation between scattering power and gravimetric density of the fiber. In conclusion, microvoids are the principal scattering “particles” in dry fibers. The values of the scattering power of water swollen rayons and ramie can be interpretated on the basis of a three-pahse model, with the phases consisting of crystalline cellulose, a homogeneous mixture of amorphous cellulose with water, and water, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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