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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 102 (1980), S. 7593-7595 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 104 (1982), S. 7155-7161 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 104 (1982), S. 1924-1929 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 104 (1982), S. 2044-2045 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 5 (1958), S. 77-95 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 6 (1959), S. 85-99 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Schwärmen ist häufigen im Frühsommer als im Spätsommer, aber diese Verteilung stellt wahrscheinlich nicht wirklich jahrzeitliche Schwankungen in der Intensität der Bedingungen dar, die die Bienenvölker zum Schwärmen veranlassen. Das Auftreten von Vorbereitungen zum Schwärmen in Völkern, die schliesslich doch nicht schwärmen, und das Vorkommen von leeren Weiselnäpfchen in Völkern, die sich nicht zum Schwärmen vorbereiten, zeigen einen späteren Höhepunkt, der im allegmeinem gut mit dem Höhepunkt von Pollen- und Nektar-produktion in der Natur zusammenfällt. 2. Die Verringerung in der Brutaufzucht in den Völkern am Ende der Jahreszeit findet ungefähr zur selben Zeit statt, wie die Verminderung in der Schwarmtendenz und auch der verfügbaren Bienenweide. In den Völkern unter Beobachtung verringerte sich die Brutaufzucht nicht entgültig vor diesem Zeitpunkt, mit Ausnahme von Völkern in welchen Königinnenzucht stattfind. Im allgemeinen trat diese Verringerung erst ein, nachdem die Königinnenzucht angefangen hatte; es hätte daher eine Folge der Königinnenzucht sein können, aber in den meisten Fällen konnte dies nicht die Ursache sein. Mehr Völker begannen Königinnen zu züchten wenn ihre Brut zunahm, als wenn sie sich verminderte. Die Zeit der Brutzucht scheint nicht von der Tageslänge abzuhängen, da die Beziehungen dieses Faktors zur Brutzucht in sub-tropischen Klimaten die entgegengesetzten sind zu denen in gemässigten Klimaten. 3. Eine Anzahl von Völkern begann die Koniginnenzucht bevor sie ihre Höchstgrösse erreicht hatten, während andere nicht einmal nach diesem Zeitpunkt anfingen. Beweis dafür, dass Königinnenzucht anfängt wenn das verhältniss von Brut zu Bienen unter eine kritische Höhe fällt wurde nicht gefunden. 4. Obwohl es scheint dass die Schwarmzeit grösstenteils unmittelbar durch die Aussenfaktoren festgelegt wird, kann die Möglichkeit doch nicht ausgeschlossen werden, dass es zum Teil auch durch einen Zyklus von physiologischen Veränderungen innerhalb der Völker beeinflusst wird.
    Abstract: Résumé 1. L'essaimage actuel se produit plus fréquemment au début qu'à la fin de l'été, mais sa répartition au cours de la saison ne représente pas vraiment les variations d'intensité des facteurs induisant l'essaimage. Le degré de préparation de l'essaimage dans les colonies qui ne pratiquent pas l'essaimage actuel, et le nombre de départs de cellules de reines dans les colonies qui ne se préparent pas à l'essaimage présentent un maximum plus tardif qui, en moyenne, coïncide bien avec la période de plus grande abondance de nectar et de pollen dans la nature. 2. Le déclin automnal de l'élevage du couvain dans les colonies se produit à peu près en même temps que diminue la tendance à l'essaimage et la possibilité de butiner. Dans les colonies observées, l'élevage du couvain ne décroît pas de façon continue avant cette période, sauf chez quelques-unes de celles où l'élevage des reines se produit. Généralement, ce déclin survient seulement après que l'élevage des reines a commencé; ainsi, il peut être une conséquence de l'élevage des reines, mais, dans la plupart des cas, ne peut être sa cause. La plupart des colonies commencent à élever des reines plutôt quand leur couvain croît que lorsqu'il décroît. La période d'élevage ne semble contrôlée par les changements de longueur du jour puisque les relations avec ce facteur sont, dans les climats subtropicaux, l'inverse de ce qu'elles sont dans les climats tempérés. 3. Un certain nombre de colonies commencent l'élevage des reines avant d'atteindre leur taille maximum, alors que d'autres ne le commencent pas avant de l'avoir atteint. On ne peut pas assurer que l'élevage des reines commence quand la proportion de couvain tombe en dessous d'un niveau critique. 4. Bien que l'époque à laquelle se produit l'essaimage semble déterminée par l'action directe de facteurs de l'environnement, on ne peut exclure la possibilité d'une influence partielle par un cycle de changements physiologiques à l'intérieur des colonies.
    Notes: Summary 1. Actual swarming is more frequent early than late in the summer, but its distribution probably does not truly represent the seasonal fluctuation in the intensity of the factors which induce colonies to swarm. The incidence of swarm preparations in colonies which do not actually swarm, and of empty queen cell cups in colonies which do not prepare to swarm, shows a later maximum and one which, on the average, coincides well with the maximum availability of nectar and pollen in the field. 2. The final seasonal decline in brood rearing in colonies occurs at about the same time as the diminution in the tendency to swarm and in the availability of forage. In the colonies observed brood rearing did not decline permanently before this period except in some of those in which queen rearing occurred. Generally this decline occurred only after queen rearing had begun; thus it might have been a consequence of queen rearing but, in most cases, could not have been a cause of it. More colonies started to rear queens when their brood was increasing than did so when it was decreasing. The time of breeding does not seem to be controlled by changes in the length of day since the relationship of this factor to breeding in sub-tropical climates is the opposite of that which prevails in temperate climates. 3. A number of colonies began queen rearing before they reached their maximum size while others did not do so even after they had reached their maxima. There was no evidence that queen rearing began when the ratio of brood to bees fell below some critical level. 4. Although the time at which swarming occurs seems to be largely determined by the direct action of environmental factors the possibility cannot be excluded that it is influenced to some extent by a cycle of physiological changes within the colonies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 138 (1982), S. 17-22 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) ; Management of DMD ; Genetics of DMD ; Carrier detection ; Newborn screening ; Prenatal diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The activities of the last twenty years of the Iowa clinic for neuromuscular diseases are briefly reviewed. Main emphasis in this paper is on management and guidance of the patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) by the families, the school and the public at large. Guidance and treatment given to our patients is briefly described. It is well known that chronic debilitating disease affects not only the patient but the whole family; management of DMD should therefore include the parents and siblings of the patient. Preventability of DMD is illustrated by the experiences in our clinic. The importance of early carrier detection and genetic counseling is stressed. Possible future developments in DMD research are briefly mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 46 (1981), S. 1077-1082 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 37 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: [14C]Acetyl-CoA was found to react spontaneously with dithiothreitol to give a relatively apolar product which was readily extractable into a butanol-toluene scintillant. This technique was used in a rapid, reproducible assay for rat brain ATP:citrate lyase using [1,5-14C]citrate as substrate. The tissue extract, a 14,000 g supernatant, exhibited a lyase activity of approximately 7 nmol acetyl-CoA produced/min per mg supernatant protein, and was inhibited ≥79% by α-ketoglutaric acid (10 mm), Cu2+ (1 mm)and Zn2+(1 mm). [14C]Oxaloacetate, [14C]malate and endogenous citrate synthase were found not to interfere significantly with lyase estimations, but NADH was required in the reaction mixture to inhibit acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 41 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Involvement of phosphate-activated glutaminase in Huntington's disease and agonal state was investigated in caudate nucleus and frontal cortex from postmortem brains. In Huntington's disease the activities of phosphate-activated glutaminase, glutamic acid decarboxylase, succinic dehydrogenase, choline acetyl-transferase, and acetylcholinesterase were significantly reduced in the caudate nucleus, but not in the frontal cortex. The activity of phosphate-activated glutaminase, and to a lesser extent of glutamic acid decarboxylase, was reduced in cases of terminal illness, as compared with cases of sudden death. Succinic dehydrogenase and choline acetyltransferase were reduced only in the few cases of prolonged and severe terminal illness. Enzyme activities of the caudate nucleus were more affected by agonal state than were those of frontal cortex. Results indicate that phosphate-activated glutaminase could be a useful marker of neuronal damage due to agonal state, and that phosphate-activated glutaminase and succinic dehydrogenase are reduced in Huntington's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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