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  • 2000-2004  (13)
  • 1985-1989  (18)
  • 1945-1949  (2)
  • 1915-1919  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of defect centers in Hg1−xCdxTe using their energy level composition dependence (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 5279-5286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have extended the Kobayashi, Sankey, and Dow [Phys. Rev. B 25, 6367 (1982)] theory of deep levels in Hg1−xCdxTe to include (vacancy, impurity) nearest-neighbor pairs. In qualitative agreement with the results obtained by these workers for isolated point defects, we find that the composition dependences (dE/dx) of the defect energy levels associated with such complexes depend on the site occupied by the impurity atom. Furthermore, we find that the composition dependences of some of the defect levels produced by such a complex are very different than the dE/dx of levels associated with the corresponding isolated point defects. We thus suggest that this theory can often be used as an aid in the identification of the defect center producing an observed energy level. In particular, it can be used to obtain site information about an observed level and, in favorable cases, to distinguish between levels produced by isolated point defects and those produced by complexes. As an example, we compare our theoretical predictions for the dE/dx of levels associated with (vacancy, impurity) pairs to the experimental slopes of the energy levels observed in deep level transient spectroscopy by Jones, Nair, and Polla [Appl. Phys. Lett. 39, 248 (1981)] and find that the theory lends support to these workers' interpretation of their data. In addition, we present new photoluminescence data on both a previously observed and identified acceptor and on an unknown center in Hg1−xCdxTe. As a further example of the usefulness of our theory, we compare the theoretical slopes of energy levels associated with (vacancy, impurity) pairs with the composition dependences of the defect levels extracted from the photoluminescence data. The results of both of the theoretical-experimental comparisons show that the theory can be used successfully, in conjunction with experimental data, to aid in the identification of the defect center which produces an observed energy level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.334842
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esomeprazole 20 mg on-demand is more acceptable to patients than continuous lansoprazole 15 mg in the long-term maintenance of endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux patients: the COMMAND Study (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Symptom relief, through adherence to appropriate maintenance therapy, is the sole objective of treatment for patients with endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.Aim : To compare the efficacy of ‘on-demand’ treatment with esomeprazole 20 mg vs. continuous treatment with lansoprazole 15 mg daily in patients with endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.Methods : Endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients who achieved complete resolution of heartburn after short-term (2–4 weeks) treatment with esomeprazole 20 mg (n = 774) were randomized to receive either esomeprazole 20 mg on-demand (n =311) or lansoprazole 15 mg continuous daily treatment (n = 311) for 6 months.Results : Significantly more patients were willing to continue taking esomeprazole on-demand than lansoprazole continuous therapy after 6 months (93% vs. 88%; P = 0.02). This superior outcome was achieved despite patients on esomeprazole requiring medication only 38% as often as those on lansoprazole, leading to direct cost savings of more than one-third (36%). Furthermore, patients receiving esomeprazole 20 mg on-demand were more satisfied with their treatment after 1 month compared with patients taking lansoprazole 15 mg continuously.Conclusions : In patients with endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, esomeprazole 20 mg on-demand is more acceptable to patients and is an economically more effective treatment than lansoprazole 15 mg continuously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02155.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alverine citrate fails to relieve the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Alverine citrate has been used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome for many years.Aims : To compare the efficacy and safety of a new formulation of alverine citrate, a 120-mg capsule, with placebo given three times daily for 12 weeks.Methods : One hundred and seven patients with irritable bowel syndrome were entered into this three-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial. The primary end-point was relief of abdominal pain indicated by improvement in the scores for severity and frequency. Secondary efficacy variables included scores for other clinical symptoms and for overall well-being.Results : The severity and frequency of abdominal pain improved in 66% and 68% of patients treated with alverine citrate vs. 58% and 69% of the placebo group, but these differences were not significant. The mean percentage reduction in the scores for abdominal pain from baseline to the final assessment, although greater in the alverine citrate group (43.7%) compared with the placebo group (33.3%), was not statistically significant.Conclusions : Alverine citrate is no better than placebo at relieving the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Future trials should be designed to take into account the high and persistent placebo response seen in this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01277.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Randomized comparison of photodynamic therapy with topical 5-fluorouracil in Bowen's disease (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 148 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background Bowen's disease (BD; intraepithelial squamous cell carcinoma) is therapeutically challenging because lesions, which may be multiple, are frequently located at sites that heal poorly. There is a small risk of progression to invasive carcinoma. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment for certain non melanoma skin cancers, but comparison studies with other, better-established therapies are limited. Objectives To compare the efficacy and tolerability of PDT and topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in BD. Methods Forty patients from two centres were randomized to either topical PDT or 5-FU. The PDT group was treated with 20% 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) applied 4 h before illumination with 100 J cm−2 narrowband red light (630 ± 15 nm). 5-FU was applied to lesions for 4 weeks. A repeat treatment cycle was performed after 6 weeks if required. Results Twenty-nine of 33 (88%) lesions treated with PDT initially responded completely, compared with 22 of 33 (67%) after 5-FU. After 12 months, two recurrences in the PDT group and six in the 5-FU group reduced complete clinical clearance rates to 82% and 48%, respectively. PDT was significantly more effective (P = 0·006, odds ratio 4·78, 95% confidence interval 1·56–14·62). In the 5-FU group, severe eczematous reactions developed around seven lesions, ulceration in three and erosions in two. No such reactions occurred following PDT. There was no difference in overall pain experienced during each therapy. Conclusions Topical ALA-PDT is more effective than topical 5-FU in the treatment of BD, with fewer adverse events. ALA-PDT should be considered one of the first-line therapeutic options for BD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05033.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antiallergic activity of loratadine, a non-sedating antihistamine (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Loratadine is a new non-sedating antihistamine. The present studies compared loratadine and terfenadine, another non-sedating antihistamine, for their ability to inhibit the bronchial response to histamine and other autacoids which have been implicated as contributing to the symptoms of an allergic reaction. In addition, the two antihistamines were evaluated in models of immunologically mediated allergic reactions. Loratadine is a more potent inhibitor of histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs than is terfenadine. Both antihistamines exhibit marked antiserotonin activity at doses 10 times their antihistamine ED50 values. In contrast, loratadine and terfenadine produce little or no inhibition of the bronchial responses to methacholine, leukotriene C4 or platelet-activating factor. An allergic bronchospasm in guinea pigs is inhibited by loratadine (ED50= 0.40 mg/kg, p.o.) and terfenadine (ED50= 1.7 mg/kg, p.o.). The bronchospasm associated with allergic anaphylaxis in rats is significantly inhibited by 10 mg/kg, p.o. loratadine and 30 mg/kg, p.o. terfenadine. Loratadine exhibits antiallergy activity in vitro. At micromolar concentrations, loratadine inhibits the release of histamine from Con A and A23187-stimulated rat peritoneal mast cells and the release of histamine and leukotrine C4 from a Con A-stimulated cloned murine mast cell line
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02188.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bionomics of the Variegated Grasshopper (Zonocerus Variegatus) in West and Central Africa (1986)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 31 (1986), S. 479-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.31.010186.002403
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONTACT CHEMORECEPTION IN FEEDING BY PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 48 (2003), S. 455-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gustatory receptors associated with feeding in phytophagous insects are broadly categorized as phagostimulatory or deterrent. No phytophagous insect is known that tastes all its essential nutrients, and the ability to discriminate between nutrients is limited. The insects acquire a nutritional balance largely "adventitiously" because leaves have an appropriate chemical composition. Sugars are the most important phagostimulants. Plant secondary compounds are most often deterrent but stimulate phagostimulatory cells if they serve as host-indicating sign stimuli, or if they are sequestered for defense or used as pheromone precursors. The stimulating effects of chemicals are greatly affected by other chemicals in mixtures like those to which the sensilla are normally exposed. Host plant selection depends on the balance of phagostimulatory and deterrent inputs with, in some oligophagous and monophagous species, a dominating role of a host-related chemical. Evolution of phytophagy has probably involved a change in emphasis in the gustatory system, not fundamentally new developments. The precise role of the gustatory systems remains unclear. In grasshoppers, it probably governs food selection and the amounts eaten, but in caterpillars there is some evidence that central feedbacks are also involved in regulating the amount eaten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112629
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Living high − training low” altitude training improves sea level performance in male and female élite runners (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 12 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Acclimatization to moderate high altitude accompanied by training at low altitude (living high–training low) has been shown to improve sea level endurance performance in accomplished, but not élite, runners. Whether élite athletes, who may be closer to the maximal structural and functional adaptive capacity of the respiratory (i.e. oxygen transport from environment to mitochondria) system, may achieve similar performance gains is unclear. To answer this question, we studied 14 élite men and eight élite women before and after 27 days of living at 2500 m while performing high-intensity training at 1250 m. The altitude sojourn began 1 week after the USA Track and Field National Championships, when the athletes were close to their season's fitness peak. Sea level 3000-m time trial performance was significantly improved by 1.1% (95% confidence limits 0.3–1.9%). One-third of the athletes achieved personal best times for the distance after the altitude training camp. The improvement in running performance was accompanied by a 3% improvement in maximal oxygen uptake (72.1 ± 1.5–74.4 ± 1.5 ml kg− 1 min− 1). Circulating erythropoietin levels were near double initial sea level values 20 h after ascent (8.5 ± 0.5–16.2 ± 1.0 IU ml−1). Soluble transferrin receptor levels were significantly elevated on the 19th day at altitude, confirming a stimulation of erythropoiesis (2.1 ± 0.7–2.5 ± 0.6 μ g ml-1). Hb concentration measured at sea level increased 1 g dl−1 over the course of the camp (13.3 ± 0.2–14.3 ± 0.2 g dl−1). We conclude that 4 weeks of acclimatization to moderate altitude, accompanied by high-intensity training at low altitude, improves sea level endurance performance even in élite runners. Both the mechanism and magnitude of the effect appear similar to that observed in less accomplished runners, even for athletes who may have achieved near maximal oxygen transport capacity for humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2002.120111_1.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nail dystrophy in association with polydactyly and benign familial hypercalcaemia (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 25 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2000.00630.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-scale genetic differentiation of Pagrus pagrus in the Atlantic (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 62 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Red porgy Pagrus pagrus from the north-eastern, north-western and south-western Atlantic were found to be genetically distinct as determined by mitochondrial DNA analysis. There were no shared composite restriction fragment haplotypes, and nucleotide sequence differences averaged 2% among these locations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00110.x
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