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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 75 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Microglia, the tissue macrophages of the brain, play a crucial role in recognition and phagocytic removal of apoptotic neurons. The microglial receptors for recognition of apoptotic neurons are not yet characterized. Here we established a co-culture model of primary microglia and cerebellar granule neurons to examine the receptor systems involved in recognition/uptake of apoptotic neurons. Treatment with 100 μM S-nitrosocysteine induced apoptosis of cerebellar neurons as indicated by nuclear condensation and phosphatidylserine exposure to the exoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane. Microglial cells were added to neurons 2 h after apoptosis induction and co-cultured for 6 h in the presence of ligands that inhibit recognition by binding to respective receptors. Binding/phagocytosis was determined after combined 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole/propidium iodide (for apoptotic/necrotic neurons) and lectin staining (for microglia). Uptake of apoptotic neurons was reduced by N-acetylglucosamine or galactose, suggesting that recognition involves asialoglycoprotein-like lectins. Furthermore, the inhibition of microglial binding/uptake of apoptotic neurons by RGDS peptide suggests a role of microglial vitronectin receptor. As microglia selectively bind lipid vesicles enriched in phosphatidylserine and O-phospho-L-serine interfered with the uptake of apoptotic neurons, an involvement of phosphatidylserine receptor is rather likely. Apoptotic neurons do not release soluble signals that serve to attract or activate microglia. Collectively, these results suggest that apoptotic neurons generate a complex surface signal recognized by different receptor systems on microglia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Two small RNAs regulate the timing of Caenorhabditis elegans development. Transition from the first to the second larval stage fates requires the 22-nucleotide lin-4 RNA, and transition from late larval to adult cell fates requires the 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA. The lin-4 and let-7 RNA ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 1300-1301 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The title compound, hexa-μ-chloro-1:2κ4Cl;2:3κ4Cl;3:4κ4Cl-hexachloro-1κ2Cl,2κCl,3κCl,4κ2Cl-hexakis(diethylamine)-1κ2N,2κN,3κN,4κ2N-tetraindium(III), [(InCl3)4(Et2NH)6] or [In4Cl12(C4H11N)6], lies about an inversion centre and consists of four octahedrally coordinated In centres linked by bridging Cl atoms to form three four-membered In2Cl2 rings.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 126 (2000), S. 607-618 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Micrometastasis ; Minimal residual disease ; Bone marrow ; Immunocytochemistry ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Breast cancer ; Immunotherapy ; AbbreviationsAPAAP alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase ; Ck cytokeratin ; CEA carcinoembryonic antigen ; DNA desoxy-ribonucleic acid ; EMA epithelial membrane antigen ; FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization ; HMFG human milk fat globule ; ICAM intracellular adhesion molecule ; MHC major histocompatibility complex ; moAb monoclonal antibody ; mRNA messenger ribonucleic acid ; PCNA proliferating nuclear cell antigen ; PCR polymerase chain reaction ; PSA prostate specific antigen ; PSM prostate specific membrane antigen ; TAG tumor-associated glycoprotein ; rt reverse transcriptase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The detection and elimination of “micrometastases” or, more precisely, isolated disseminated tumor cells or minimal residual disease is one of the main current topics in clinical oncology. Immunocytochemical and molecular, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods are the preferred methods. Bone marrow as a mesenchymal organ and a frequent location for distant metastases is very suitable to study isolated disseminated tumor cells. Under optimal conditions one tumor cell among one million mononuclear bone marrow cells can be detected by immunocytochemistry or molecular methods. The specificity, however, varies significantly depending on the assay conditions used by each individual group, with false positive rates below 1% and over 80% reported. Immunocytochemistry with antibodies against different epithelial markers has shown that the presence of isolated disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow is an independent prognostic variable in breast, colorectal, gastric, and non-small cell lung cancer. Due to the lack of a standardized assay, however, comparison of the results between different groups is very difficult. Before the assessment for isolated disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow or other organs can be transferred into routine clinical practice, standardized methods have to be developed which must be tested in multicenter prospective trials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    CardioVascular & interventional radiology 23 (2000), S. 256-261 
    ISSN: 1432-086X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Interventional radiology—Anesthesia—Sedation—Clinical care trends—Nursing care
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose: To determine current European practice in interventional radiology regarding nursing care, anesthesia, and clinical care trends. Methods: A survey was sent to 977 European interventional radiologists to assess the use of sedoanalgesia, nursing care, monitoring equipment, pre- and postprocedural care, and clinical trends in interventional radiology. Patterns of sedoanalgesia were recorded for both vascular and visceral interventional procedures. Responders rated their preferred level of sedoanalgesia for each procedure as follows: (a) awake/alert, (b) drowsy/arousable, (c) asleep/arousable, (d) deep sedation, and (e) general anesthesia. Sedoanalgesic drugs and patient care trends were also recorded. A comparison was performed with data derived from a similar survey of interventional practice in the United States. Results: Two hundred and forty-three of 977 radiologists responded (25%). The total number of procedures analyzed was 210,194. The majority (56%) of diagnostic and therapeutic vascular procedures were performed at the awake/alert level of sedation, 32% were performed at the drowsy/arousable level, and 12% at deeper levels of sedation. The majority of visceral interventional procedures were performed at the drowsy/arousable level of sedation (41%), 29% were performed at deeper levels of sedation, and 30% at the awake/alert level. In general, more sedoanalgesia is used in the United States. Eighty-three percent of respondents reported the use of a full-time radiology nurse, 67% used routine blood pressure/pulse oximetry monitoring, and 46% reported the presence of a dedicated recovery area. Forty-nine percent reported daily patient rounds, 30% had inpatient hospital beds, and 51% had day case beds. Conclusion: This survey shows clear differences in the use of sedation for vascular and visceral interventional procedures. Many, often complex, procedures are performed at the awake/alert level of sedation in Europe, whereas deeper levels of sedation are used in the United States. Trends toward making interventional radiology a clinical specialty are evident, with 51% of respondents having day case beds, and 30% having inpatient beds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lung 102 (1949), S. 187-201 
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung 1. 20 Patienten wurden unter Zuhilfenahme derKnippingschen Apparatur in der Versuchsanordnung nachBolt bei gestuft verminderten Sauerstoffspannungen elektrokardiographiert. 2. Es handelt sich im wesentlichen um Lungenkranke mit ernsteren, ausgedehnten spezifischen Veränderungen. 3. Bei einigen wenigen Patienten trat unter bestimmten Sauerstoffspannungsstufen Vorhofflimmern auf, welches nach Rückkehr zur normalen Sauerstoffkonzentration sofort wieder verschwand. Es zeigt sich also, daß verschiedene Kranke sehr nahe an der Flimmergrenze stehen und es ist für die klinische Praxis sicher von Wichtigkeit, im Einzelfall zu wissen, ob dies eventuell der Fall ist. Zum Beispiel im Hinblick auf die normale Alltagsbelastung u. a. m. 4. Einseitig Tuberkulöse zeigten diese Flimmerneigung im Anoxämieversuch nie. Auch die negative Feststellung, daß ein Herz im Anoxämieversuch nicht zum Flimmern neigt, erscheint uns beachtlich, nicht zuletzt in bezug auf etwa geplante operative Eingriffe. 5. Es wird über 2 Fälle berichtet, welche unmittelbar nach der Belastung kurzdauernde Veränderungen des Atemtypus aufweisen. 6. Die bemerkenswerten Elektrokardiogramme und Spirogramme werden wiedergegeben.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 101 (2000), S. 935-985 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Schlagwort(e): random Schrödinger operators ; Anderson localization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A detailed mathematical proof is given that the energy spectrum of a non-relativistic quantum particle in multi-dimensional Euclidean space under the influence of suitable random potentials has almost surely a pure-point component. The result applies in particular to a certain class of zero-mean Gaussian random potentials, which are homogeneous with respect to Euclidean translations. More precisely, for these Gaussian random potentials the spectrum is almost surely only pure point at sufficiently negative energies or, at negative energies, for sufficiently weak disorder. The proof is based on a fixed-energy multi-scale analysis which allows for different random potentials on different length scales.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neohelicon 27 (2000), S. 119-126 
    ISSN: 1588-2810
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 827-830 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonolysis ; Chlorine ; Nitrogen ; Silicon ; Silsesquiazane ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The ammonolysis of trichlorosilanes RSiCl3 [R = CH(SiMe3)2 (1a), Ph (1b), Et (1c)] leads to a series of condensed products such as six-membered rings [(Me3Si)2CHSi(OH)NH]3 (2a) and [PhSi(NH2)NH]3 (2b), disilazane [(Me3Si)2CHSi(NH2)2]2NH (3) and the cage compound (EtSi)6(NH)9 (4). The mixed Si-N-O compound 2a was obtained when liquid ammonia was not dried over sodium prior to use. The reaction with sodium gives NaCl instead of NH4Cl as a by-product which is easily removed by filtration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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