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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of the human NPPS gene with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) (1999)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 104 (1999), S. 492-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract OPLL (ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine) is a common form of human myelopathy with a prevalence of as much as 4% in a variety of ethnic groups. To clarify the genetic factors that predispose to OPLL, we have studied ttw (tiptoe walking), a mouse model that presents ectopic ossification of the spinal ligaments similar to OPLL and have found that the ttw phenotype is caused by the nonsense mutation of the gene encoding nucleotide pyrophosphatase (NPPS), a membrane-bound glycoprotein thought to produce inorganic pyrophosphate, a major inhibitor of calcification and mineralization. To investigate a possible role of NPPS in the etiology of OPLL, we have examined its genetic variations in OPLL patients. A total of 323 OPLL patients was screened by means of polymerase chain reaction/single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis covering all the exons and their surrounding introns, plus about 1.5-kb of the promoter region. We identified ten nucleotide variations in the NPPS gene; five of the alterations caused amino-acid substitutions, and two of them were found specifically in OPLL patients. Subsequently, we performed an association study using these variations and found a significant association of an allele, viz., a deletion of T at a position 11 nucleotides upstream from the splice acceptor site of intron 20 (IVS20–11delT), with OPLL; the proportion of the individuals having this deletion was significantly higher (P = 0.0029) in OPLL patients than in controls, indicating that those who have this variation may be more susceptible to the abnormal ossification of the spinal ligaments. Thus, our study suggests that NPPS plays an important role in the etiology of human OPLL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050993
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human herpesvirus type 8 and Epstein–Barr virus-associated cutaneous lymphoma taking anaplastic large cell morphology in a man with HIV infection (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 141 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus)-positive lymphoma taking anaplastic large cell morphology in the skin is described in a 46-year-old man with AIDS. Multiple erythematous nodules appeared on the trunk and extremities during the treatment of AIDS. Histological examination of cutaneous nodules showed dense infiltration of CD30 + atypical lymphoid cells in the deep dermis. Immunoglobulin JH gene rearrangement was detected in these lymphoma cells. Both Epstein–Barr virus-encoded small RNA and HHV-8 mRNA (T1.1/nut-1) were detected in these lymphoma cells by in situ hybridization. Remarkable retention of the pericardial fluid was observed at the same time that cutaneous lesions grew, and lymphoma cells in the pericardial fluid showed the same phenotype as the cutaneous lymphoma. Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone effectively reduced both the cutaneous nodules and pericardial fluid. However, the patient died 4 months after diagnosis because of cytomegalovirus infection. As far as we know, this is the first report of an HHV-8-positive cutaneous lymphoma taking anaplastic large cell morphology. This case suggests the association of AIDS-related anaplastic large cell lymphoma with HHV-8.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02936.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distributions of single-carrier traps in GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs heterostructures (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2220-2222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We study single-carrier traps in a GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs heterostructure by observing random telegraph signals (RTSs), which are caused by the traps having energy levels within a few kBT of the Fermi level. RTSs are observed in a split gate device while a narrow channel is shifted by independently controlling the voltage applied to each part of the split gate. This measurement reveals the variations of the energy levels of traps with the channel position. From these variations the locations and the energy distributions of the traps are demonstrated. The strength of the confinement potential around the trap is also discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115109
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A CASE-CONTROL EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY IN JAPAN (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of dermatology 34 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-4632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is designated by the Japanese government as one of the intractable diseases and all patients, who suffer from these diseases, are registered to get financial aid for treatment. Using newly registered SLE patients, a case-control study was conducted to evaluate potential risk factors. Methods. Two-hundred and eighty-two women SLE patients, newly registered to receive financial aid for treatment, and 292 randomly selected health examination participants at public health centers (controls) were surveyed from April 1988 through March 1990. By means of a self-administered questionnaire, data concerning demographic variables, smoking and drinking habits, past medical and reproductive history, and family history were collected. Results. Based on unconditional logistic regression analysis, the risk of SLE was significantly increased for current smokers (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.34–3.97). Alcohol and milk intake were inversely associated with risk. Family histories of asthma and collagen diseases, including SLE, were associated with significantly elevated risk of SLE (OR = 2.07, 95% ci 1.14–3.77; OR = 5.20, 95% CI 1.08–24.95, respectively). Regarding reproductive function, women with menarche at age 15 or later had significantly higher risk than those, who started menstruating before age 12 (OR = 3.82, 95% CI 1.66–8.81 for menarche at 〉 15 years and OR = 2.90, 95% a 1.14–7.39 for menarche at 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:00119059:IJD333:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 16y). Conclusions. Our study suggests several risk factors, including smoking, family history, and reproductive history that may increase the risk of SLE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1995.tb03614.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langmuir-Blodgett Film of Amphiphilic C60 Carboxylic Acid (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 11 (1995), S. 660-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00002a051
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical Studies on Chelation-Controlled Carbonyl Addition. Me2Mg Addition to .alpha.- and .beta.-Alkoxy Ketones and Aldehydes (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 (1995), S. 5055-5065 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00123a007
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbometalation of Cyclopropene. Ligand-Induced Enantioselective Allylzincation (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 (1995), S. 1179-1180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00108a055
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REDOX REGULATION OF CELLULAR ACTIVATION (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 15 (1997), S. 351-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Growing evidence has indicated that cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) status regulates various aspects of cellular function. Oxidative stress can elicit positive responses such as cellular proliferation or activation, as well as negative responses such as growth inhibition or cell death. Cellular redox status is maintained by intracellular redox-regulating molecules, including thioredoxin (TRX). TRX is a small multifunctional protein that has a redox-active disulfide/dithiol within the conserved active site sequence: Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys. Adult T cell leukemia-derived factor (ADF), which we originally defined as an IL-2 receptor alpha-chain/Tac inducer produced by human T cell lymphotrophic virus-I (HTLV-I)-transformed T cells, has been identified as human TRX. TRX/ADF is a stress-inducible protein secreted from cells. TRX/ADF has both intracellular and extracellular functions as one of the key regulators of signaling in the cellular responses against various stresses. Extracellularly, TRX/ADF shows a cytoprotective activity against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and a growth-promoting effect as an autocrine growth factor. Intracellularly, TRX/ADF is involved in the regulation of protein-protein or protein-nucleic acid interactions through the reduction/oxidation of protein cysteine residues. For example, TRX/ADF translocates from the cytosol into the nucleus by a variety of cellular stresses, to regulate the expression of various genes through the redox factor-1 (Ref-1)/APEX. Further studies to clarify the regulatory roles of TRX/ADF and its target molecules may elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways in the responses against various stresses. The concept of "redox regulation" is emerging as an understanding of the novel mechanisms in the pathogenesis of several disorders, including viral infections, immunodeficiency, malignant transformation, and degenerative disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.351
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF AN ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG ON BRAIN ANGIOTENSIN II LEVELS IN RENAL AND SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Although numerous studies suggest that brain angiotensin (AII) may play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure, it is still unclear what factors may influence brain All. In this study, we hypothesized that brain AII is influenced by circulating factors. To investigate the role of blood pressure and plasma All in brain AII level, we studied the effect of an antihypertensive drug on brain AII in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats.2. Hydralazine (20mg/kg per day) and vehicle (water) were given to 2K1C rats between 2 and 6 weeks after operation and SHR for 4 weeks. In addition, vehicle was applied to sham operated rats and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Brain and plasma AII was measured by a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay coupled with high performance liquid chromatography.3. Hydralazine treatment effectively lowered blood pressure to the same levei of sham-operated and WKY rats. 2K1C rats showed significantly higher plasma All than sham rats, but hydralazine treatment did not show any change in plasma AII. Brain AII in the hypothalamus region of 2K1C rats showed a significantly higher level than sham rats. Interestingly, hydralazine treatment diminished this increase in brain AII. In contrast, SHR showed higher brain A11 levels in the hypothalamus, brainstem and cerebellum than in WKY rats, whereas there was no significant change in plasma AII concentration between SHR and WKY rats. In contrast to the results found in 2K1C rat experiments, hydralazine treatment failed to decrease brain AII levels despite lowered blood pressure.4. In conclusion, brain AII is affected by systemic blood pressure in 2K1C hypertensive rats, but not in SHR, and the mechanisms which cause the difference between 2K1C rats and SHR are unknown in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02085.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple polypoid lesions of primary mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma of colon (1998)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 32 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was focused on unusual cases of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma presenting with multiple polypoid lesions of the colon and rectum with a special reference to the differential diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and results:The lesions of these five cases grossly showed a segmental distribution of nodular protrusions in three patients and of innumerable small polyps in two. These patterns of involvement simulated those of multiple lymphomatous polyposis, known as the gastrointestinal presentation of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and caused a differential diagnostic problem between MALT lymphoma and MCL, which have different prognostic and therapeutic implications. Their histological features are almost indistinguishable from each other, especially in the small biopsy specimens via endoscope. The most important procedure for their differentiation is cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry and its negative reaction provides strong indication of MALT lymphoma. Of interest, one case showed a rare karyotypic abnormality of t(11;18)(q21;q21), which has been reported specifically in MALT lymphoma.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:This study has indicated that the multiple polypoid lesions of the colon occur not only in MCL, but also in MALT lymphoma, making differential diagnosis between the two entities necessary, and cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry is indispensable for distinguishing between them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1998.00315.x
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