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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New product success factors: A comparison of ‘kills’ versus successes and failures (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 20 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper reports an analysis of the characteristics of those new projects that are killed, that is, terminated before commercialisation. Such projects constitute the majority of new product projects. The authors' aim was to learn from the differences between ‘kills’ and those that are commercialised. The latter may, of course, turn out to be successes or failures.Their sample consisted of 250 new projects of which 123 were ultimately successful, 80 failed and 47 were kills. Two hypotheses were tested: that kills and failures had similar characteristics and that kills differed from successes in the way that failures differed from successes. Four groups of multidimensional project characteristics were measured: product advantage, market attractiveness, competitive situation, and synergy/familiarity.The results showed that neither hypothesis was generally supported, The patterns of characteristics observed were complex but were unravelled through a computer model simulating how managers perform the evaluation process. It showed that the results could be explained on the basis that errors could be made in evaluation. For example, it is difficult to evaluate product advantage. Surprisingly, competitive situation is not a discriminator between successes, failures and kills but managers treat it as if it were. Some characteristics are perceived by managers to be negative although they are, in fact, favourable to project success.The authors claim that these results should lead to better allocation of R&D resources among proposed projects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00672.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host specialization of Verticillium dahliae, with emphasis on isolates from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Isolates of Verticillium dahliae from cocoa (four Brazilian and one Ugandan) were screened against cocoa, aubergine, tomato, cotton, and pepper. Isolates originating from hosts other than cocoa were also inoculated. In general, all inoculated crops were systemically invaded by isolates from cocoa. Isolates from each host tended to be more aggressive on their original host. All isolates from cocoa were pathogenic to cocoa, but exhibited various degrees of aggressiveness to other crops. They induced severe symptoms on aubergine, but few symptoms on tomato, although colonization occurred up to the stem apex in both cases. Likewise, symptomless invasion of pepper was found with some Brazilian isolates. The Ugandan isolate was significantly more aggressive on cotton and pepper than the Brazilian isolates.A Brazilian isolate from cocoa from the State of Bahia was also used to inoculate 12 common weed species from the same geographical area. Four species showed wilt symptoms, while V. dahliae was readily recovered from the stems of a further four species. The role of alternative hosts on disease spread in cocoa growing areas is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb00559.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of virulence of isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis from Africa and South America (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The virulences of three isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis from West Africa were compared with that of a Brazilian isolate. The Brazilian strain was more virulent and caused disease in all oil-palm lines tested, even those which had been selected for resistance to, and were generally unaffected by, African strains. Differential interactions between hosts and isolates of the pathogen could have serious implications for selection of breeding material and for the extension of oil-palm cultivation in South America.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01487.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics of Fusarium species on oil palm seeds following chemical and heat treatments (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis may be present naturally on or within oil palm seeds, thus there is a risk of introducing the disease into previously wilt-free regions. A low proportion of infested seed was shown to give rise to infected plants. Populations of Fusarium spp. on seeds significantly declined after routine processing to induce seed germination, but the pathogen was not eradicated. However, vacuum infiltration and soaking for 7 days with captafol effectively eradicated the pathogen. The significance of F. oxysporum on oil palm seed as a potential inoculum source is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb00568.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical evaluation of doxacurium chloride (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Doxacurium was administered to 50 adult patients for determination of potency (n = 10), onset and duration of clinical relaxation (n = 40). Cumulative dose-response showed the ED95 to be 33.24 μg.kg−1 (95% confidence limits 27.4–39.3). Doxacurium 33 μg.kg−1 was then administered to four groups of 10 patients each who had anaesthesia maintained with either fentanyl-droperidol or halothane and nerve stimulation carried out with single-twitch stimulation at 0.1 Hz or train-of-four stimulation at 2 Hz every 12 s. The onset and duration showed wide individual variation. The mean (SD) times to occurrence of maximal block were 8.5 (4.6), 6.1 (1.9), 6.7 (1.8) and 4.7 (1.3) min in the single twitch-fentanyl, train-of-four-fentanyl, single twitch-halothane and train-of-four-halothane groups respectively, although it ranged from 3.4 to 13.1 min in individual patients. The mean (SD) durations of clinical relaxation (recovery of single twitch or first response in train-of-four to 25%) were 65 (22.8), 52 (21.7), 70 (33.4) and 72 (21.0) min respectively with individual values ranging from 31 to 103 min. Although halothane administration increased the duration of clinical relaxation and train-of-four stimulation accelerated the onset of effect, the changes due to these were not significant. There were no adverse effects on heart rate or indirectly measured arterial pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02322.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition of Light Oils from Low-temperature Carbonization of Utah Coal1 (1927)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 19 (1927), S. 26-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50205a008
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuromuscular effects of rocuronium bromide (Org 9426) during fentanyl and halothane anaesthesia (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The neuromuscular effects of intravenous rocuronium bromide, 0.6 mg.kg−1 or 0.9 mg.kg−1, were studied in four groups of 10 patients during anaesthesia with or without halothane (0.5–0.75% inspired concentration). Neuromuscular block was monitored using mechanomyography and train-of-four stimulation. The mean times to onset of complete neuromuscular block were 58 and 59 s using the 0.6 mg.kg−1 dose in patients anaesthetised with fentanyl and halothane respectively. The times of 34 min and 33 min for 25% recovery of T1 (first response in the train of four), 54 min and 52 min for 90% recovery of T1, 55 min and 60 min for a train of four ratio of 0.7, and 13 and 13 min respectively for the recovery index (25–75% recovery of T1) were not significantly different in these groups. Complete block with the 0.9 mg.kg−1 dose occurred in 47 s and 44 s respectively in the fentanyl and halothane groups. T1 recovered to 25% in 51 min and 58 min, and to 90% in 77 min and 86 min respectively in the two groups. The recovery indices and the times to spontaneous recovery of the train of four ratio to 0.7 were 17 min and 19 min, and 83 min and 93 min respectively. All the parameters were significantly different between the 0.6 mg.kg−1 and 0.9 mg.kg−1 doses. Halothane in the concentrations used did not influence the neuromuscular effects. It is concluded that rocuronium is a rapidly acting non-depolarising muscle relaxant with a duration of action similar to that of vecuronium and may be a useful alternative to suxamethonium for rapid tracheal intubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb06844.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nature of pre-operative anxiety (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 45 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a study of 247 patients who had general anaesthesia for dental procedures, the incidence of individual anxieties was noted using a questionnaire completed by the patient. The most common anxieties related to the period before transfer to the operating theatre, intra-operative awareness and postoperative pain. These anxieties were present in over half the patients questioned. The follow-up questionnaire was completed by 207 patients in order to indicate which anxieties they would expect to have if they needed anaesthesia in the future. All anxieties were less frequent than found before operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14285.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Case report of common variable immunodeficiency with functional T-helper defect and reduced CD4+ LAM−1 T cells (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 2 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 10 year-old boy presenting with an empyema and a previous medical history of recurrent and disseminated infections was investigated immunologically. The serum immunoelectrophoresis showed hypogammaglobulinaemia. The in vitro lymphocyte proliferation to T-cell mitogens (PHA and Con A) was diminished and the response to a T-dependent B cell mitogen (PWM) was severely diminished. Phenotypic analysis of his lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies revealed normal CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells with a normal CD4: CD8 ratio. Double immunofluorescence with Leu 8 antibody revealed a selective deficiency of the CD4+ LAM 1− subset. Co-culture experiments between patient's B cells and supernatants from normal T cells showed that the patient's B cells could secrete Ig in vitro. We suggest that the Leu 8 monoclonal antibody may be useful in defining abnormalities in the regulatory subsets of T lymphocytes and that these abnormalities may be relevant in the pathogenesis of common variable immunodeficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00206.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth, gas exchange and water use efficiency of the facultative hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor associated with hosts differing in foliar nitrogen concentration (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 89 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The facultative hemiparasitic angiosperm Rhinanthus minor was grown on 11 different host species, and in the absence of a host. The height of R. minor parasitising the legume Trifolium pratense exceeded that of unattached plants by more than an order of magnitude, with performance on grasses and non-legume dicotlyedonous hosts between these two extremes. Light saturated rates of photosynthesis in R. minor on different hosts ranged from 1. 5 to 22. 5 μmol g−1 dry weight min−1, and were positively correlated with growth. Foliar nitrogen concentrations in the parasite exceeded those of the hosts. The former were positively related to light saturated rates of photosynthesis, and inversely related to photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. There was no relationship between leaf nitrogen concentration and water use efficiency in R. minor. The data are discussed in relation to studies of nitrogen and water use in mistletoes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb01787.x
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