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  • 2005-2009  (33)
  • 1890-1899  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing and Properties of ZrO2-Containing Reaction-Bonded Aluminum Oxide with High Initial Aluminum Contents (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The reaction-bonded aluminum oxide (RBAO) process relies upon the oxidation of Al/Al2O3 powder compacts, and many of its associated advantages stem from the presence of the aluminum in the green powder. Higher aluminum contents in the starting powders allow for higher green strengths, densities, and lower overall shrinkage, all while producing a fine-grained, high-strength sintered material. However, it is evident that the reaction and sintering of ZrO2-containing RBAO with higher aluminum contents are more challenging. Therefore, in this study, the effects of aluminum content on the processing, structure, and properties of RBAO ceramics were comprehensively characterized. It was found that RBAO samples with high aluminum contents were more prone to cracking during reaction and even when successfully fired were not able to be sintered to full density. Despite these characteristics, RBAO samples with increasing aluminum contents showed no significant degradation in mechanical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00392.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of a chlorinated ethene plume following source-area treatment with Fenton's reagent (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 25 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Monitoring data collected over a 6-year period show that a plume of chlorinated ethene–contaminated ground water has contracted significantly following treatment of the contaminant source area using in situ oxidation. Prior to treatment (1998), concentrations of perchloroethene (PCE) exceeded 4500 μg/L in a contaminant source area associated with a municipal landfill in Kings Bay, Georgia. The plume emanating from this source area was characterized by vinyl chloride (VC) concentrations exceeding 800 μg/L. In situ oxidation using Fenton's reagent lowered PCE concentrations in the source area below 100 μg/L, and PCE concentrations have not rebounded above this level since treatment. In the 6 years following treatment, VC concentrations in the plume have decreased significantly. These concentration declines can be attributed to the movement of Fenton's reagent–treated water downgradient through the system, the cessation of a previously installed pump-and-treat system, and the significant natural attenuation capacity of this anoxic aquifer. While in situ oxidation briefly decreased the abundance and activity of microorganisms in the source area, this activity rebounded in 〈6 months. Nevertheless, the shift from sulfate-reducing to Fe(III)-reducing conditions induced by Fenton's treatment may have decreased the efficiency of reductive dechlorination in the injection zone. The results of this study indicate that source-area removal actions, particularly when applied to ground water systems that have significant natural attenuation capacity, can be effective in decreasing the areal extent and contaminant concentrations of chlorinated ethene plumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0020.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GUEST EDITORIAL (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Bioethics 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8519
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00456.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ZONA PELLUCIDA DOMAIN PROTEINS (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 74 (2005), S. 83-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Notes: Many eukaryotic proteins share a sequence designated as the zona pellucida (ZP) domain. This structural element, present in extracellular proteins from a wide variety of organisms, from nematodes to mammals, consists of Đ♯260 amino acids with eight conserved cysteine (Cys) residues and is located close to the C terminus of the polypeptide. ZP domain proteins are often glycosylated, modular structures consisting of multiple types of domains. Predictions can be made about some of the structural features of the ZP domain and ZP domain proteins. The functions of ZP domain proteins vary tremendously, from serving as structural components of egg coats, appendicularian mucous houses, and nematode dauer larvae, to serving as mechanotransducers in flies and receptors in mammals and nonmammals. Generally, ZP domain proteins are present in filaments and/or matrices, which is consistent with the role of the domain in protein polymerization. A general mechanism for assembly of ZP domain proteins has been presented. It is likely that the ZP domain plays a common role despite its presence in proteins of widely diverse functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133039
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GENETICS OF BRAIN STRUCTURE AND INTELLIGENCE (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Neuroscience 28 (2005), S. 1-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0147-006X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Genetic influences on brain morphology and IQ are well studied. A variety of sophisticated brain-mapping approaches relating genetic influences on brain structure and intelligence establishes a regional distribution for this relationship that is consistent with behavioral studies. We highlight those studies that illustrate the complex cortical patterns associated with measures of cognitive ability. A measure of cognitive ability, known as g, has been shown highly heritable across many studies. We argue that these genetic links are partly mediated by brain structure that is likewise under strong genetic control. Other factors, such as the environment, obviously play a role, but the predominant determinant appears to genetic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135655
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrahepatic CD4+ T-Cell Apoptosis is Related to METAVIR Score in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 62 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to liver injury, which is thought to be immune-mediated. Apoptosis of hepatic T cells could influence histological damage. We quantified peripheral and intrahepatic T-cell apoptosis in 28 patients with chronic hepatitis C by using cytofluorometric techniques. METAVIR score and HCV plasma viral load were determined. Six liver biopsies, obtained from controls without chronic hepatitis during hepatobiliary surgery, served as controls. In patients, liver T-cell apoptosis was upregulated compared to peripheral T cells: 35 versus 7% for CD4+ and 56 versus 13% for CD8+ T cells (P 〈 0.001). Liver T-cell apoptosis levels from patients were increased compared to controls for both CD4+ (P = 0.041) and CD8+ T cells (P = 0.007). Nine patients exhibiting METAVIR scores A and F ≤1 showed higher intrahepatic CD4+ T-cell apoptosis compared to the 19 patients with a higher METAVIR score (P = 0.001) and both histological activity and fibrosis were related to apoptosis level. There was also an inverse relationship between the level of intrahepatic CD8+ T-cell apoptosis and serum transaminase activity (P = 0.023). Our study shows immune compartmentalization, suggesting that the study of peripheral blood lymphocytes may not be fully relevant to the pathophysiology of HCV hepatitis, and that the severity of liver injury is inversely correlated with intrahepatic CD4+ T-cell apoptosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01648.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypotension and short-term anaesthesia induce ERK1/2 phosphorylation in autonomic nuclei of the brainstem (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aims of this study were: first, to investigate the effects of anaesthesia on phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)1/2-immunoreactivity (-ir) in the brainstem; second, to choose the best anaesthetic for p-ERK1/2 studies; and third, to determine the effect of short-term hypotension on p-ERK1/2-ir in the brainstem. Rats were anaesthetized with halothane, sodium pentobarbital or 100% CO2 narcosis, or were cervically dislocated and within 5 min perfused and the brains processed immunohistochemically for pERK1/2-ir. p-ERK1/2-ir was primarily observed in regions associated with cardiovascular and/or respiratory control. Several regions consistently showed dense p-ERK1/2 labelling, including a restricted region of the ventrolateral medulla (VLM). In contrast, other regions showed differential labelling depending on the mode of death. Cervical dislocation showed the least VLM labelling, limited to a discrete area approximately 0.6–1.4 mm caudal to the facial nucleus. Anaesthetics induced labelling throughout the VLM, with halothane inducing the most. Many p-ERK1/2-ir VLM neurons were catecholaminergic following halothane or sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia, but no double labelling was seen following cervical dislocation. Of the anaesthetics, sodium pentobarbital induced the least labelling and was used subsequently. Intravenous hydralazine was used to induce a 20-min period of hypotension, whereas arterial pressure did not change in vehicle-treated animals. Hydralazine evoked more pERK-ir neurons in specific regions, including the VLM, nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), parabrachial nuclei, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus and locus coeruleus. Approximately twice as many p-ERK1/2-positive neurons were seen in the intermediate NTS and rostral VLM following hydralazine compared with the vehicle. In conclusion, p-ERK1/2-ir identifies neurons in central autonomic regions, and their number and distribution are markedly affected by anaesthetics, and are increased in some regions by short-term hypotension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04413.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinants and Consequences of Social Trust* (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sociological inquiry 75 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-682X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: This article provides an overview of social trust, examining its various aspects and components. Trust is best understood in a sociological sense by focusing on its important relational characteristic. Following this lead, the article discusses briefly how social trust relates to social capital and examines factors that shape the development of social trust, along with outcomes related to variations in trust, classifying them by analytical level (i.e., individual, community, group, organizational, and societal). The article concludes by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of existing research and by identifying some important questions that have not yet been adequately addressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2005.00132.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding of the Streptococcus gordonii surface glycoproteins GspB and Hsa to specific carbohydrate structures on platelet membrane glycoprotein Ibα (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 58 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: GspB and Hsa are homologous serine-rich surface glycoproteins of Streptococcus gordonii strains M99 and Challis, respectively, that mediate the binding of these organisms to platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ibα. Both GspB and Hsa consist of an N-terminal putative signal peptide, a short serine-rich region, a region (BR) that is rich in basic amino acids, a longer serine-rich region and a C-terminal cell wall anchoring domain. To further assess the mechanisms for GspB and Hsa binding, we investigated the binding of the BRs of GspB and Hsa (expressed as glutathione S-tranferase fusion proteins) to sialylated glycoproteins in vitro. Both fusion proteins showed significant levels of binding to sialylated moieties on fetuin and GPIbα. In contrast, the corresponding region of a GspB homologue of Streptococcus agalactiae, which is acidic rather than basic, showed no binding to either fetuin or GPIbα. As measured by surface plasmon resonance kinetic analysis, GspB- and Hsa-derived fusion proteins had high affinity for GPIbα, but with somewhat different dissociation constants. Dot blot analysis using a panel of synthesized oligosaccharides revealed that the BR of Hsa can bind both α(2-3) sialyllactosamine [NeuAcα(2-3)Galβ(1-4)GlcNAc] and sialyl-T antigen [NeuAcα(2-3)Galβ(1-3)GalNAc], whereas the BR of GspB only bound sialyl-T antigen. Moreover, far Western blotting using platelet membrane proteins revealed that GPIbα is the principal receptor for GspB and Hsa on human platelets. The combined results indicate that the BRs of GspB and Hsa are the binding domains of these adhesins. However, the subsets of carbohydrate structures on GPIbα recognized by the binding domains appear to be different between the two proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04830.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinants of the streptococcal surface glycoprotein GspB that facilitate export by the accessory Sec system (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 58 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: GspB is a large cell-surface glycoprotein expressed by Streptococcus gordonii M99 that mediates binding of this organism to human platelets. This adhesin is glycosylated in the cytoplasm, and is then transported to the cell surface via an accessory Sec system. To assess the structural features of GspB that are needed for export, we examined the effects of altering the carbohydrate moieties or the polypeptide backbone of GspB. Truncated, glycosylated variants of GspB were exported exclusively via the accessory Sec pathway. When glycosylation was abolished, the GspB variants were still exported by this pathway, but minor amounts could also be transported by the canonical Sec system. GspB variants with in-frame insertions or deletions in the N-terminus were not secreted, indicating that this domain is necessary for export. However, the N-terminus is not sufficient for the transport of heterologous proteins, because C-terminal fusion of passenger proteins to this domain hindered export. In contrast, fusion of GspB to a canonical signal peptide resulted in the efficient export of non-glycosylated forms of the fusion protein via the canonical Sec pathway, whereas glycosylated forms could not be exported. Thus, the carbohydrate moieties and the atypical signal sequence of GspB interfere with export via the canonical pathway, and direct GspB towards the accessory Sec system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04919.x
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