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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biopsy Technique Has No Impact on Local Recurrence After Breast-Conserving Therapy (2001)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 7 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Image-guided core needle breast biopsy (IGCNBB) is an incisional biopsy technique that has been associated with tumor cell displacement. Theoretically tumor cell displacement may affect local recurrence rates in patients treated with breast-conserving therapy (BCT). We performed a study to determine if the biopsy method impacted local control rates following BCT. Patients with nonpalpable breast cancer (invasive and intraductal) diagnosed at our institution and treated with BCT between July 1993 and July 1996 were selected to provide a follow-up period in which the majority of local recurrences should be detected. Patients were divided into two groups based on their method of diagnosis. Group I patients were diagnosed by IGCNBB and group II patients were diagnosed by wire localized excisional breast biopsy (WLEBB). Factors potentially affecting local recurrence rates were retrospectively reviewed. Two hundred eleven patients were treated with BCT, 132 were diagnosed by IGCNBB and 79 by WLEBB. The two patient groups were similar when compared for prognostic factors and treatment. All patients' BCT included histologically negative margins. There were 4 (3.0%) local recurrences in Group I at a median follow-up of 44.4 months and 2 (2.5%) local recurrences in group II at a median follow-up of 50.1 months. This difference was not significant. Breast cancer patients diagnosed by IGCNBB can be treated by BCT with acceptable local control rates. Additional surveillance of our institutional experience and others' is mandatory to validate IGCNBB as the preferred biopsy method for nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4741.2001.007001019.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial Experience with Surgical Treatment Planning in the Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patient at High Risk for BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 Mutation (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Despite an abundance of information available for dealing with patients with BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutations, little guidance is available to assist the surgeon in dealing with the genetically high-risk patient recently diagnosed with breast cancer. A retrospective review was undertaken of 170 patients who underwent genetic counseling and testing over a 3-year period from March 2000 to March 2003. Forty-three of the 170 patients tested were diagnosed with breast cancer prior to genetic testing. Nine patients (20.9%) tested positive for a deleterious mutation. Fifty-eight percent underwent genetic counseling prior to definitive cancer surgery. Five of the 25 patients who underwent lumpectomy tested positive for a deleterious mutation. Testing results became available during systemic therapy or radiation was delayed until results were known. After counseling, all five patients testing positive went on to bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and reconstruction. None had radiation therapy. Because of a strong family history, eight patients elected to undergo prophylactic mastectomy and reconstruction prior to obtaining genetic test results; and despite compelling histories, all eight tested negative for a mutation. Treatment algorithms are developed to manage patients that are first discovered to be at high risk for a BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutation at the time they are diagnosed with breast cancer. Patients diagnosed with breast cancer who are discovered to be at high risk for a genetic mutation should undergo counseling prior to definitive surgery. This maximizes the time that patients have to consider options for prophylaxis and monitoring should their test be positive. It also prevents women who would otherwise be candidates for breast preservation from undergoing unnecessary radiation therapy should they chose prophylactic mastectomy in the face of a positive test. 
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1075-122X.2004.21543.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk/Risk Trade-offs in Pesticide Regulation: An Exploratory Analysis of the Public Health Effects of a Ban on Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides (2000)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Risk analysis 20 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Efforts to reduce pesticide-related risks to consumers and farmworkers often neglect the possibility that measures to reduce the target risk may introduce or enhance countervailing risks. These may arise from substitute pesticides or pest-control practices, from increased levels of pests or pest-related hazards, from increased levels of toxic natural pesticides in plants, from increased costs and decreased consumption of health-enhancing fruits and vegetables, or from direct income effects on consumers and farmers. The effect of the countervailing risks may partially or completely offset the reduction in the target risk. A risk-trade-off analysis was conducted of a potential ban on the use of organophosphate and carbamate (OP/Carbamate) insecticides in U.S. agriculture. Although this scenario is extreme, it has the analytic virtue of dispensing with the infinite number of “next-best” OP/Carbamates that might be substituted for specific combinations of crops and pests should only selected uses be banned. The analysis relies on detailed descriptions of the alternative pesticides and pest-control measures that would be used for each of 14 major crops. The effects of pest-control cost changes on prices and consumption and effects on consumer and producer incomes are projected using a general-equilibrium economic model. Several countervailing risks that may be significant were found, including acute toxicity to farmworkers from substitute pesticides, cancer and noncancer risks from substitute pesticides, and mortality induced by changes in disposable income. Other countervailing risks are more difficult to estimate or weigh. Potential increases in natural plant pesticides following an OP/Carbamate ban are discussed but data are lacking to quantify the effects. Changes in diet following the ban have both positive and negative effects, and the ultimate change is difficult to estimate. Although a net risk cannot be estimated, several approaches were illustrated that would be useful in risk-trade-off analyses. Key factors complicating comprehensive analysis of risk/risk trade-offs for pesticides were also identified, including data gaps and shortcomings of current risk assessment methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0272-4332.205060
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apolipoprotein E isoforms and apolipoprotein AI protect from amyloid precursor protein carboxy terminal fragment-associated cytotoxicity (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 91 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Inheritance of the apolipoprotein (APO) E gene ɛ4 or ɛ2 allele alters the risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD), while increased alpha-tocopherol (AT) intake appears to lower the risk of AD. As APOE is a major apolipoprotein in the CNS and AT in vivo is transported in lipoproteins, we tested the hypothesis that CNS lipoproteins, as modeled by relevant concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL), and AT would interact to suppress neurotoxicity in a cell culture model of amyloid beta (Aβ)- related toxicity. These cells conditionally express C99-derived peptides, proposed to be a key step in AD pathogenesis; this expression is closely associated with subsequent cell death. We found that physiologic concentrations of lipoproteins present in the CNS protected from C99-associated toxicity and provided evidence for two mechanisms of protection. The first was AT-independent, APOE isoform-dependent, and most potent for the APOE2 isoform. The second was a synergistic protection afforded by a combination of APOAI, or less so APOE, and AT. These data provide a novel explanation for the apparent AD-protective effect of inheriting an ɛ2 APOE allele, and suggest that optimizing AT enrichment of CNS lipoproteins or devising APOAI mimetics may augment AT efficacy in treating AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02818.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UNCONVENTIONAL NANOFABRICATION (2004)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 34 (2004), S. 339-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-7331
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Nanostructures are fabricated using either conventional or unconventional tools-that is, by techniques that are highly developed and widely used or by techniques that are relatively new and still being developed. This chapter reviews techniques of unconventional nanofabrication, and focuses on experimentally simple and inexpensive approaches to pattern features with dimensions 〈100 nm. The techniques discussed include soft lithography, scanning probe lithography, and edge lithography. The chapter includes recent advances in fabricating nanostructures using each set of techniques, together with demonstrated advantages, limitations, and applications for each.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.34.052803.091100
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How the Emotional Climate (Field) Impacts Performance (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Creativity and innovation management 12 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Independently of the creativity movement, others have demonstrated the benefits of creating positive fields. I have reviewed a number of cases involving field below and added some from my own creativity experiences. I then explore the psychological explanation of why such fields are effective and go on to the findings of recent brain research, which not only reinforce the benefits of positive fields but also throw light on the difficulty of creating them. Finally, I offer some suggestions from my own experience of what can be done to create positive fields. I believe that this should now be the focus of our efforts: to the extent that we are successful, we should get the creativity and innovation we need as a by-product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-1690.2003.00287.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monetary Policy Games and International Migration in a Small Open Economy (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 8 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper shows that international migration may improve the position of both policymakers and unions in small open economies irrespective of whether they cooperate or not. This result implies that both unions and policymakers in small open economies may welcome a further increase in international labor flow in the future. When allowance is made for real GDP per capital considerations on behalf of the policymaker, it is found that aggressive union behavior may increase the inflationary bias. Aggressive unions may insulate themselves, while soft unions lose. The presence of migration does not necessarily lead to a better outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9396.00251
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bounds on Derivative Prices in an Intertemporal Setting with Proportional Transaction Costs and Multiple Securities (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Mathematical finance 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: The observed discrepancies of derivative prices from their theoretical, arbitrage-free values are examined in the presence of transaction costs. Analytic upper and lower bounds on the reservation write and purchase prices, respectively, are obtained when an investor's preferences exhibit constant relative risk aversion between zero and one. The economy consists of multiple primary securities with stationary returns, a constant rate of interest, and any number of American or European derivatives with, possibly, path-dependent arbitrary payoffs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9965.00118
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of palladium-based microelectronic devices by microcontact printing (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 2222-2224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This letter demonstrates the patterning of thin films of metallic palladium by microcontact printing (μCP) of octadecanethiol, and the use of the patterned films in the fabrication of a functional sensor. This technique was also used to prepare templates of palladium for the electroless deposition of copper. The resistivity of the palladium and copper microstructures was 13.8 and 2.8 μΩ cm, respectively; these values are approximately 40% larger than the values for the pure bulk metals. Palladium patterned into serpentine wires using μCP functioned as a hydrogen sensor with sensitivity of 0.03 vol % H2 in N2, and a response time of ∼10 s (at room temperature). © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1463719
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of magnetic microfiltration systems using soft lithography (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 461-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Arrays of nickel posts were used as magnetic elements in a microfiltration device that is compatible with microfluidic systems. The combination of microtransfer molding—a soft lithography technique—and electrodeposition generated nickel posts ∼7 μm in height and ∼15 μm in diameter inside a microfluidic channel. Once magnetized by a magnetic field from an external, permanent, neodymium–iron–boron magnet, these nickel posts generated strong magnetic field gradients and efficiently trapped superparamagnetic beads moving past them in a flowing stream of water. These nickel post arrays were also used to separate magnetic beads from nonmagnetic beads. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1436282
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