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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring an Arizona Ponderosa Pine Restoration: Sampling Efficiency and Multivariate Analysis of Understory Vegetation (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 12 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: As monitoring plans for the restoration of Pinus ponderosa forests in the southwestern United States evolve toward examining multifactor ecosystem responses to ecological restoration, designing efficient sampling procedures for understory vegetation will become increasingly important. The objective of this study was to compare understory composition and diversity among thin/burn and control treatments in a P. ponderosa restoration, while simultaneously examining the effects of sampling design and multivariate analyses on which conclusions were based. Using multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP), we tested the null hypothesis of no difference in understory species composition among treatments using different data matrices (e.g., frequency and cover) for two different sampling methods. Treatment differences were subtle and were detected by an intensive 50, 1-m2 subplot sampling method for all data matrices but were not detected by a less intensive point-intercept sampling method for any matrix. Sampling methods examined in this study controlled results of multivariate analyses more than the data matrices used to summarize data generated by a sampling method. We partitioned data into plant life form and native/exotic species categories for MRPP, and this partitioning isolated plant groups most responsible for treatment differences. We also examined the effects of number of 1-m2 subplots sampled on mean-species-richness/m2 estimates and found that estimates based on 10 subplots and based on 50 subplots were highly correlated (r = 0.99). Species–area curves indicated that the 50, 1-m2 subplot sampling method detected the common species of sites but failed to detect the majority of rare species. Additional sampling-design studies are needed to develop single sampling designs that produce multifactor data on plant composition, diversity, and spatial patterns amenable to multivariate analyses as part of monitoring plans of vegetation responses to ecological restoration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00317.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and use of an ultra thin fiber-reinforced denture palate (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of prosthodontics 11 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1532-849X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2002.328_35.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bovine serum albumin enhances nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function in mouse thalamic synaptosomes (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 83 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bovine serum albumin (BSA) enhances nicotinic agonist-induced 86Rb+ efflux from synaptosomal fractions of the mouse thalamus, but how it does so is not understood. The experiments reported here indicated that BSA enhancement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function was rapid, reversible, depended on BSA concentration, and occurred at all points of the nicotinic agonist concentration-response curve. We hypothesized that BSA-extractable compounds, such as long-chain fatty acids, were responsible for inhibiting nicotinic responses in the absence of BSA. The hypothesis was tested by applying arachidonic, linolenic, or oleic acids in the absence of BSA after an initial prewash with BSA. All three fatty acids exhibited a rapid, concentration-dependent inhibition of nicotinic-agonist stimulated ion flux. Concentration-response curves produced after 30 s of pre-treatment with arachidonic acid were similar to those seen when BSA was completely absent. The effects of pre-treatment were reversed immediately by the introduction of BSA. Furthermore, no effects of fatty acids were observed when preparations were continuously exposed to BSA or when BSA was continuously absent. These results suggest that the removal of endogenous, inhibitory compounds is largely responsible for the rapid, potentiating action of BSA at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in the mouse thalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01135.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mindfulness: A Proposed Operational Definition (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 11 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: There has been substantial interest in mindfulness as an approach to reduce cognitive vulnerability to stress and emotional distress in recent years. However, thus far mindfulness has not been defined operationally. This paper describes the results of recent meetings held to establish a consensus on mindfulness and to develop conjointly a testable operational definition. We propose a two-component model of mindfulness and specify each component in terms of specific behaviors, experiential manifestations, and implicated psychological processes. We then address issues regarding temporal stability and situational specificity and speculate on the conceptual and operational distinctiveness of mindfulness. We conclude this paper by discussing implications for instrument development and briefly describing our own approach to measurement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bph077
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P300 amplitude in nonalcoholic adolescent twin pairs who become discordant for alcoholism as adults (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 41 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Past reports suggest that reduced P300 amplitude is associated with risk for alcoholism. We examined whether visual P300 amplitude could identify familial risk for alcohol disorders in individuals not known to be at risk at the time P300 was recorded. These individuals were twins from pairs where neither twin had an alcohol disorder at age 17 but familial risk was established at age 20 when one twin developed an alcohol disorder whereas the other did not. Of special interest was the P300 of the unaffected twin recorded at age 17 when both twins were alcoholism free. We found reduced P300 in the unaffected twin compared to pairs where both members were continuously disorder free. Hence, P300 was reduced in alcohol disorder-free individuals whose twin siblings subsequently developed alcoholism, further supporting reduced P300 amplitude as an endophenotype indexing familial risk for alcoholism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2004.00238.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the promoter regions and σs-dependent regulation of the gadA and gadBC genes associated with glutamate-dependent acid resistance in Shigella flexneri (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 225 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Resistance to killing by low pH is a common feature of both Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri. The most effective E. coli acid resistance system utilizes two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase encoded by gadA and gadB, and a putative glutamate/γ-amino butyric acid antiporter encoded by gadC. Expression of the gad system is dependent upon the alternate sigma factor, σs. We confirm that gadA, gadB, and gadC are also all dependent upon σs for their expression in S. flexneri. −10 sequences similar to the σs−10 consensus sequence were identified by primer extension in the upstream promoters of all three genes and the transcriptional start points were identical in both E. coli and S. flexneri.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00508-1
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The glutamate-dependent acid resistance system of Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri is inhibited in vitro by l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 224 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Strains of Escherichia coli K-12, O157:H7, and Shigella flexneri grown to stationary phase in complex unbuffered media can survive for several hours at pH 2.5. This stationary-phase acid resistance phenotype is dependent upon the alternate sigma factor σs and the supplementation of either glutamate or glutamine in the acidified media used for acid challenge. Acid resistance under these defined conditions can be inhibited by the glutamate analog l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid which blocks uptake of glutamate/glutamine by selective inhibition. The gadC gene, encoding an inner membrane antiporter essential for the expression of acid resistance, could not be detected in other family members of the Enterobacteriacae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00427-0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Associations of serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM and interleukin-1β with early-onset periodontitis classification and race (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The significance of serum concentrations of various antibodies and cytokines in the pathogenesis of early-onset periodontitis (EOP) is not well understood. Recent reports suggest differences between young blacks and whites in certain humoral responses, regardless of periodontal status. This study was undertaken to compare the serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IL-1β in EOP subjects with that of healthy controls, and to study the effect of race on these levels.Material and Methods: This case-control study included 228 individuals, 19–25 years old who were selected from a larger population examined in the National Survey of Oral Health of United States Children in 1986/1987. The subjects were classified by their EOP status and they included 166 subjects with EOP and 62 healthy controls. Blood samples were used to assess the serum concentrations of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgG subclass, and IL-1β.Results: The serum concentrations of IgG, IgG subclasses, IgA, and IgM in blacks were not significantly different in the generalized, localized and incidental EOP groups as compared to the healthy controls. The serum IL-1β concentration was slightly and uniformly lower in the EOP groups than in the control group, although not statistically significant. Blacks had significantly higher serum concentrations of total IgG, and of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 than whites and Hispanics. Hispanics had significantly higher serum concentrations of IgM and IgG4 than whites and blacks. Hispanics also had a significantly higher serum concentration of IL-1β than blacks.Conclusions: Total antibody response in blacks is not associated with EOP classification. Race has a significant effect on serum antibody concentrations irrespective of disease classification, with blacks having significantly higher serum concentrations of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 than whites and Hispanics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2002.290506.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cation-vacancy ordering in dehydrated Na6[AlSiO4]6 (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 10215-10225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The low-temperature cation-ordered superstructure of anhydrous sodium sodalite, a zeolite with composition Na6[AlSiO4]6, has been determined through the use of both density functional theory (DFT) and classical force-field lattice energy minimizations. The charge-balancing Na+ cations are assumed to occupy their characteristic locations within the cubic alumino–silicate framework near the centers of the 6-ring windows. Within the constraints of the volume-doubled pseudotetragonal supercell reported in a previous x-ray diffraction study [B. Campbell, S. R. Shannon, H. Metiu, and N. P. Blake (submitted)], all possible arrangements of cations and vacancies amongst the 6-ring window sites were considered. Force-field calculations employing the ab initio based potential energy function derived by Blake, Weakliem, and Metiu [J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 67 (1998)] and the empirical shell-model potential of Catlow et al. [J. Chem. Soc. Commun. 1984, 1271; Mol. Simul. 1, 207 (1988)], were used to perform full lattice-energy minimizations of each configuration, and to assess their relative stabilities both before and after minimization. The most stable configurations were then examined in more detail via ab initio density functional calculations in the generalized gradient approximation. The lowest-energy supercell ordering proved more stable than the lowest-energy parent cell ordering, and also yielded a pseudotetragonal distortion (space group Pnc2) and a calculated diffraction pattern that qualitatively match experimental results. The structural influences that contribute to the low energy of the correct vacancy ordering are described in detail. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319350
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digital Dental Radiography (2004)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of homeland security and emergency management 1 (2004), S. 408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1547-7355
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Sociology
    Notes: Terrorist activity has the potential to cause mass casualties. The number of victims often overwhelms the ability of local jurisdictions to identify the causalities in an accurate and timely fashion. Most identifications are usually made through the comparison of ante mortem dental records with post mortem radiographic and clinical findings. Conventional radiographic procedures using film and processing solutions are time consuming and fraught with complications. This paper presents a relatively new technology called Digital Radiography. It reviews the science behind the technology, its use in previous mass disaster incidents and its potential to increase the speed and accuracy of the identification process in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/jhsem/vol1/iss4/408
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