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  • 25.40.Sc Spallation reactions  (1)
  • 25.70. Jj  (1)
  • 25.70.Lm  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inclusive excitation-energy distributions of hot nuclei from 44 MeV/nucleon Ar- and 32 MeV/nucleon Kr-induced reactions (1993)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 346 (1993), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.70.Gh ; 25.70.Lm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Inclusive neutron multiplicity distributions were measured by means of 4π liquid-scintillator detectors for Ar and Kr-induced reactions at 44 MeV/nucleon and 32 MeV/nucleon, respectively. For all the systems studied, the observed distributions exhibit a bump structure at large multiplicity, corresponding to highly dissipative collisions. For Ar-induced reactions, the excitation energies necessary to explain the most probable neutron multiplicity associated with these dissipative collisions are estimated, the correspondence between excitation energy and neutron multiplicity being calculated in the framework of the statistical model. The so-obtained values of excitation energies, which are systematically lower than those predicted using the massive-transfer picture, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01306080
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition between few nucleon emission andγ-ray deexcitation for the reaction systems65Cu+87Rb and40Ar+110Pd (1985)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 322 (1985), S. 393-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 24.60. Dr ; 25.70. Gh ; 25.70. Jj
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Bothγ-ray and neutron emission have been studied for the reaction systems65Cu(237MeV) +87Rb→152Dy* and40Ar(158MeV)+110Pd→150Gd*. By using a sum spectrometer in coincidence with neutron counters, Ge(Li) or Nal detectors, we have measured the totalγ-ray energy and the average totalγ-multiplicity distributions as well as the neutron spectra for various exit channels. These measurements provide strong evidence for thermal equilibrium in reactions involving a small number of emitted neutrons (i.e.87Rb(65Cu,n or 2n)) at rather high excitation energy (∼54MeV). This statistical emission of only a few neutrons is controlled by very strong y-ray competition: theγ-entry line is found not to be parallel to the yrast line. Instead the energy gap is about 8MeV for J∼27ħ and rises to at least 13MeV for J∼36ħ. There are some indications that the main part of the energy from this gap is removed by statisticalγ-ray cascades. The main features of the experimental data for both entrance channels are well reproduced by statistical model calculations with proper attention to the yrast line position and an adjustement of the dipoleγ-ray normalization coefficient. It is conceivable that the y-ray enhancement that we introduce may be related to a lack of knowledge of the absolute level densities at high energy and spin, or possibly to the presence of new or additional degrees of freedom that may enter into the competition between neutron andγ-ray emission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01412074
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron and light-charged-particle productions in proton-induced reactions on 208Pb at 62.9 MeV (2005)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 23 (2005), S. 49-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 27.80.+w 190 ⩽ A ⩽ 219 ; 25.40.-h Nucleon-induced reactions ; 25.40.Sc Spallation reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Neutrons and light charged particles produced in 62.9MeV proton-induced reactions on 208Pb were measured during a single experiment performed at the CYCLONE facility in Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium). Two independent experimental set-ups were used to extract double differential cross-sections for neutrons, protons, deuterons, tritons, 3He and alpha-particles. Charged particles were detected using a set of Si- Si- CsI telescopes from 25° to 155°, by step of 10 degrees. Neutrons were measured using shielded DeMoN counters, liquid NE213 scintillators, at 24°, 35°, 55°, 80° and 120°. These data allowed the determination of angle differential, energy differential and total production cross-sections. A comparison with theoretical calculations (MCNPX, FLUKA and TALYS) has been performed. It shows that the neutron and proton production rates are well predicted by MCNPX, using the INCL4 option. All the other codes underestimate the neutron production whereas they overestimate the proton one. For composite particles, which represent 17% of the charged particle total reaction cross-section, neither the shape nor the amplitude of the cross-sections are correctly predicted by the models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2004-10073-1
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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