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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The signal intensity of the normal odontoid process (dens) displayed on magnetic resonance images (1992)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 21 (1992), S. 519-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Normal anatomy ; Odontoid process ; Cervical spine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to analyse the normal signal intensity of the medullary space of the odontoid process (dens) relative to age, the craniovertebral junction of 33 asymptomatic volunteers in six age groups was examined by means of magnetic resonance imaging. To avoid partial-volume effects 3-mm slices were used in sagittal and axial planes. The signal intensities relative to cerebral white matter varied from 0.51 to 1.23 in the sagittal plane and 0.56 to 1.51 in the axial plane. The signal intensities relative to muscle varied from 0.76 to 2.40 in the sagittal plane and 0.96 to 2.30 in the axial plane. The signal intensities relative to fat varied from 0.22 to 0.62 in the sagittal plane and 0.23 to 0.68 in the axial plane. No correlation with age of the volunteers was found. The normal medulla of the dens may exhibit a low signal intensity on T1-weighted images irrespective of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195234
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis: relationship between neurologic signs and morphology on MR imaging and radiographs (1996)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 25 (1996), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Rheumatoid arthritis ; Cervical spine ; Cervical myelopathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. Comparison of clinically observed neurologic long tract signs in a heterogeneous group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with morphologic abnormalities of the cervical spine as depicted on radiographs and magnetic resonance (MR) images. Design. The patients were prospectively assigned to one of three classes on the basis of their neurologic status. Lateral cervical spine radiographs and sagittal T1-weighted and gradient echo images were performed. The qualitative MR features evaluated were erosion of the dens and atlas, brain stem compression, subarachnoid space encroachment, pannus around the dens, appearance of the fat body caudal to the clivus, and the signal intensity of the pannus. The quantitative imaging parameters were the cervicomedullary angle and the distance of the dens to the line of McRae. Patients. Sixty-three consecutive patients with RA and subjective symptoms, especially neck or occipital pain, and/or clinical objective signs consistent with a compromised cervical cord were included in this study. Results and conclusions. Damage documented with radiographs and MR imaging in patients with RA is often severe, even in those without neurologic signs (class 1). None of the abnormalities confined to the atlantoaxial level correlated significantly with neurologic classification. Subarachnoid space encroachment anywhere in the entire cervical spine did correlate significantly with neurologic classification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050046
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological stability in epitaxy of semiconductors — application to optoelectronic monolithically integrated structures (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55 ; 81.10 ; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple selection rule for epitaxial growth techniques, which is based on morphological stability of the substrate surface is proposed. According to this rule a certain growth technique should be used for preparing a specific device structure of a three-dimensional monolithically integrated optical or electronic circuit. The formulae for morphological stability functions for LPE, MO, VPE, and MBE growth techniques are given. Calculations performed for the GaAs/Al x Ga1−x As material system by using the linear morphological stability theory of Mullins and Sekerka suggest that from the point of view of morphological stability the most suitable growth technique for fabrication of three-dimensional monolithically integrated optical and electronic device structures is the MBE technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616846
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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