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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Scopolamine ; Diazepam ; Memory ; Learning ; Benzodiazepine ; Acetylcholine ; Arousal ; Attention ; Dementia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two experiments examined dose-related effects of 200, 400 and 600 μg scopolamine (n = 24, SC) and 5 and 10 mg diazepam (n = 6, PO) on parallel tests of visual memory and learning taken from the CANTAB battery. Scopolamine significantly impaired accuracy of performance on a delayed matching to sample test of visual recognition memory in a dose-and delay-dependent manner, but had only marginal decremental effects on a test of visuospatial paired associates learning. Scopolamine significantly lengthened decision times in a visual search matching to sample task at the 400 and 600 μg doses, without significantly affecting accuracy. The drug also impaired performance on tests of spatial (on accuracy and response time measures) and pattern (on response time only) memory. Most of the deleterious effects on scopolamine were removed by covariance analyses with indices of subjective sedation, but the effects of delayed matching accuracy and latency remained. By contrast, diazepam significantly impaired paired associates learning but affected delayed matching to sample in a delay-independent manner. These results suggest that scopolamine can produce selective deficits in tests of short-term visual recognition memory which do not depend on overall impairments in arousal and which contrast with deficits in visual associative learning produced by diazepam. They have implications for the pharmacological modelling of dementia and memory disorders in man and for the neurochemical substrates of the short-term recognition memory and associative learning for visual stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-3025
    Keywords: Aerobiology ; Epidemiology ; Olea europaéa ; Aerobiologia ; Epidemiologia ; Olea europaéa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Sono stati effettuati tre anni (1984–86) di osservazioni epidemiologiche ed aerobiologiche per ricercare la relazione esistente tra concentrazione pollinica giornaliera delle Oleacee nell' atmosfera della città di Palermo e numero di casi di pollinosi dovute a tale polline. I dati aerobiologici sono stati ottenuti con un campionatore volumetrico VPPS 2000. Questi, elaborati con il metodo della media mobile su 7 giorni e correlati con i dati epidemiologici, hanno evidenziato che, nel nostro territorio, le famiglie di pollini che rivestono importanza clinica sono tre: Urticacee, prevalentemente Parietaria, Graminacee ed Oleacee, prevalentemente Olea europaéa. Le Oleacee occupano il terzo posto nel determinismo delle pollinosi (21,76% di tutte le pollinosi), mentre dal punto di vista aerobiologico sono al secondo posto. La mancanza di proporzionalità diretta è da mettere in relazione, verosimilmente, con il breve periodo sintomatologico e con un basso potere allergizzante di tale aeroallergene. E' stato registrato, negli ultimi dieci anni, anche in Sicilia, un aumento della frequenza di sensibilizzazione verso il polline delle Oleacee.
    Notes: Summary Three years of epidemiological and aerobiological observations (1984–86) were carried out in order to search the existing relationship between the Oleacee's daily pollen concentration in Palermo's atmosphere and the number of hay fever cases due to such pollen. The aerobiological data were abtained with a 2000 VPPS volumetric sampler. These data, elaborated by a seven day moving average method and correlated woth epidemiological data, evidenced that three of the pollen families in our territory are clinically important: Urticacee, prevailing Parietaria, Graminacee and Oleacee, prevailing Olea europaéa. The Oleacee, occupy the third position in hay fever determinism (21,76% of all hay fever), while on the aerobiological point of view they occupy the second position. The lack of direct proportionality is probabily related with the short sintomatological period and the low allergic potentiality of the aeroallergene. It has been registered, in the last ten years, even in Sicily, an increase of the frequency of sensitization towards Oleacee pollen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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