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  • Respiration  (2)
  • Adipose tissue  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential for higher rates of denitrification in earthworm casts than in the surrounding soil (1986)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 2 (1986), S. 147-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Denitrification ; N2O ; Earthworm casts ; Respiration ; Lumbricus terrestris ; Medicago sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L.) were cultured in the laboratory and fed on lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). Denitrification rates in the surface casts and the surrounding soil were quantified using C2H2-inhibition of nitrous oxide reductase. The investigation also included determination of the N2O-formation by nitrification as well as CO2-formation as a measure of respiration. The denitrification rates of wet earthworm casts were found to be significantly higher than those occurring in wet samples from the soil. The low N2O-formation observed seemed to be due to denitrification. Respiration was higher in casts, indicating higher oxygen demand which resulted in more anaerobic conditions. The energy supply was probably better in casts compared with the surrounding soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257593
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon and nitrogen budgets of nematodes in arable soil (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Barley ; Grass ; Lucerne ; Soil nematodes ; Biomass ; Respiration ; Feeding groups ; Nutrient cycling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The amounts of C and N that pass through the nematode biomass in four cropping systems, barley without and with N fertilization, grass ley and lucerne, has been estimated. The nematodes were sampled at the field site of a Swedish integrated research project “Ecology of Arable Land: The Role of Organisms in Nitrogen Cycling”. The nematode biomass was lower (200 mg dry weight m−2) in the annual (barley) than in the perennial (grass and lucerne, 350 mg dry weight m−2) crops. For respiration, the nematodes used 4–71 O2m−2 year−1 corresponding to C liberation of 1.3%–2.0% of the carbon input to the soil. A higher relative contribution by bacterial-feeding nematodes to the C and N fluxes and a higher turnover rate of the nematode biomass is an indication of more rapid nutrient circulation in the annual than in the perennial cropping systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257912
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human adipose tissue in culture V. Studies on the metabolic effects of insulin (1976)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 12 (1976), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Adipose tissue ; insulin ; catecholamines ; glycolytic enzymes ; glucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specimens of human adipose tissue were cultured for one week with or without the addition of insulin. The basal as well as the noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis were enhanced in the explants cultured with insulin, showing that the long-term effect of the hormone is lipolytic. However, an acute antilipolytic effect of insulin could be demonstrated in these explants in the subsequent short-term incubations. The basal rate of glucose incorporation into the lipids was enhanced in the explants cultured with insulin. When insulin was added in the short-term incubations these explants did not further respond to the hormone while this was the case with the explants cultured without insulin. Thus, it seems that prolonged exposure to insulin leads to a diminished acute effect of the hormone on glucose metabolism. However, the same explants responded to the antilipolytic effect showing that insulin was able to bind itself to the membrane. The activities of hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were increased in large fat cells both in freshly excised tissue and in the cultured explants. However, the activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK) did not correlate with the cell size. The presence of insulin during the culture period enhanced the activities of G6PDH, PK, and LDH, while this was not found for HK or PFK. The data thus suggest that the metabolic capacity of human fat cells is enhanced by long-term exposure to insulin. Although enzyme induction could be shown for G6PDH, PK and LDH it seems unlikely that this is of importance for the increased rates of glucose metabolism in these explants since the rate-limiting enzymes, HK and PFK, were not increased. Most probably, then, this stimulating effect of insulin is exerted on the membrane and the rate of glucose transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428979
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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