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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 183 (1977), S. 41-59 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Imaginal discs ; Pattern formation ; Cell death ; Duplication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We describe the range of phenotypes caused by cell death when larvae of the heat-sensitive cell-lethal mutant,l(1)ts726 ofDrosophila, are subjected to heat treatment at different stages of development. When the treatment extends into the pupal period, certain bristles fail to develop but the disc derivatives are otherwise normal. Earlier treatments cause the replacement of sets of leg and eye-antennal markers by mirror image duplications of neighbouring sets. The results are compared in detail with those expected under a gradient model proposed earlier to account for the phenotype. It is found that although the results for the second leg are in excellent agreement with the predictions of the model, a more elaborate hypothesis is necessary to account for the eye-antennal disc data. Abnormal head patterns fall into several distinct categories, any one of which could be explained by postulating the existence of a gradient, if other categories did not also occur. The markers affected in each case belong to overlapping sets, and each category of pattern can be induced by heat treatments administered throughout the temperature-sensitive period. The statistical distribution of the data is such that only one category of pattern would be detected in a small scale experiment. The possible implications relative to pattern formation in normal development are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Age ; Ageing ; Flexibility ; Health ; Customary activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a representative survey of 1000 elderly men and women aged over 65 years living in their own homes, assessments have been made of flexibility measured as range of shoulder abduction in addition to health status, psychological well-being and reported customary activity. The results for shoulder abduction were approximately normally distributed and the mean values (±1 standard deviation) were as follows: — in men aged 65–74 years, 129 (±14)° and aged over 74 years, 121 (±19)°; in women aged 65–74 years, 124 (±19)° and aged over 74 years, 114 (±22)°. These mean values are about 30° less than those accepted for younger subjects. Nearly half the distribution falls below the accepted threshold level of 120° for adequate function. There were significant effects of sex and age (P〈0.001); women had poorer flexibility and the reduction with age amounted to 10° per decade. Multiple regression analysis showed that the effect of age was accounted for in part by health, strength and customary use. The effects of use were most marked in those with some disability. This suggests that maintained or increased use could offset some of the age-related loss of the range of shoulder movement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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