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  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Alsophila pometaria ; Geometridae ; Anisota senatoria ; Citheroniidae ; Quercus ; nutritional ecology ; herbivory ; nutritional indices ; consumption ; growth ; utilization efficiency ; nitrogen ; water ; tannins ; phenols ; gut pH ; digestive enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Alimentées sur feuillage jeune de chêne, les chenilles d'Alsophila pometaria avaient un taux relatif de croissance (RGR) et un taux relatif d'accumulation d'azote (RNAR) plus élevés que les chenilles d'Anisota senatoria alimentées sur feuillage mûr de chêne. Bien que le jeune feuillage soit plus efficacement digéré par A. pometaria (AD plus élevé), il n'est pas assimilé et utilisé pour la croissance avec de meilleurs rendements (les ECI ne sont pas différents). Ainsi le taux de croissance plus élevé d'A. pometaria est dû entièrement à un taux de consommation plus important (RCR et RNCR). Le feuillage jeune est significativement plus riche en azote et en eau que le feuillage mûr, mais les niveaux de phénol et de tanins sont les mêmes. A pometaria consomme les feuilles de différentes espèces de chênes au même taux, indépendamment de la teneur en azote, tandis que A. senatoria accroît sa consommation en réponse à une diminution de la teneur en azote. Il en résulte que le taux de croissance d'A. pometaria dépend directement de la teneur en azote des feuilles, tandis que celui d'A. senatoria en est indépendant. Les systèmes digestifs des deux insectes sont biochimiquement semblables et sont efficaces pour la digestion des protéines. Les tanins et les phénols n'influent pas sur les indices nutritionnels de ces deux espèces. Nous estimons que le principal intérêt de l'alimentation printanière est la disponibilité en feuillage succulent, riche en azote, et non l'absence de feuilles à haute teneur en tanin. L'alimentation printanière semble correspondre à une strategie alimentaire qui favorise la croissance aux dépens de l'efficacité tandis que l'alimentation en fin d'été est une stratégie qui favorise l'efficacité sur la rapidité.
    Notes: Abstract The larvae of Alsophila pometaria (Harr.), feeding on the young foliage of oak, has a higher relative growth rate (RGR) and relative nitrogen accumulation rate (RNAR) than the larvae of Anisota senatoria (J. E. Smith), feeding on the mature foliage of oak. Although the young oak foliage is more efficiently digested by A. pometaria (higher AD's), it is not more efficiently assimilated and used for growth (no difference in ECI's). Thus, the higher growth rate of A. pometaria is due entirely to a higher consumption rate (RCR and RNCR). Young foliage is significantly higher in nitrogen and water than mature foliage, but phenol and tannin levels are comparable in young and old foliage. A. pometaria consumes the foliage of different oak species at the same rate, independent of nitrogen content, while A. senatoria increases its consumption rate in response to decreased nitrogen levels. As a result, the growth rate of A. pometaria is directly related to leaf nitrogen content, while the growth rate of A. senatoria is independent of leaf nitrogen. The two species of insects have digestive systems that are very similar biochemically, and that are well-designed for effective protein digestion. Tannins and phenols do not influence the nutrional indices of either species. We suggest that the major benefit of spring feeding is the availability of succulent, high-nitrogen foliage, and not the avoidance of high-tannin foliage. The spring feeder appears to have a feeding strategy that favors rapid growth at the expense of efficiency, while the late summer feeder has a strategy that favors efficiency over rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1565-1576 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Nicotiana ; Solanaceae ; Peronospora tabacina ; blue mold ; Alternaria alternata ; leaf surface chemistry ; diterpenes ; sucrose esters ; hydrocarbons ; spore germination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chromatographic procedures were utilized to isolate and purify components of tobacco cuticular extracts and leaf surface chemicals.In vitro microbial bioassays determined the influence of these leaf surface compounds on germination and germ tube morphology ofP. tabacina sporangia, the tobacco blue mold pathogen, and to a lesser extentAlternaria alternata, the tobacco brown spot pathogen. Exposure to 10 μg/cm2 of α- and β-duvatrienemonols, sucrose esters, or hydrocarbons did not inhibit germination, whereas germination was significantly decreased bycis-abienol.cis-Abienol did not inhibit sporangial germination when combined with sucrose esters or hydrocarbons at a combined 10 μg/cm2. Germination of sporangia was completely inhibited by α- and β-duvatrienediols. In contrast to a previous report, α-DVT-diol was more inhibitory than the β isomer. Toxic effects of the DVT-diols were not altered by pH. Diluting the DVT-diols to less than 0.1 μg/cm2 resulted in a small but significant stimulation of germination. Previously, the DVT-diols had been identified only as inhibitory toP. tabacina. None of the leaf surface chemicals affected germination ofA. alternata conidia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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