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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose-dependent uricosuric effect of ambroxol (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 237-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ambroxol ; Uricosuric effect ; uric acid clearance ; creatinine clearance ; hypoxanthine ; diurnal rhythm ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ambroxol is known to promote bronchial secretion and is used as an expectorant. Previous studies had suggested that high doses of ambroxol could reduce the plasma uric acid concentration. The present study was undertaken to confirm this finding, to determine its dose-response relationship and to identify the underlying mechanism of action. Using a placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel group design, 48 healthy male volunteers were randomly allocated to receive placebo b.d. and ambroxol 125 mg b.d., 250 mg b.d. or 500 mg b.d. (12 subjects per group). The subjects were hospitalised during a dietary run-in period of 3 days (Days -3 to -1) and a treatment period of 5 days (Days 1 to 5). On Day -1 (baseline) and Days 1 to 5, all urine was collected and blood samples were taken for the analysis of uric acid, creatinine, xanthine and ambroxol. The measurements were repeated four days after treatment had closed. Steady state plasma concentrations of ambroxol (trough levels) were reached after 2 or 3 days and were linearly related to dose. Ambroxol induced a significant, dose-dependent, reduction in plasma uric acid (250 mg b.d. about 20%; and at 500 mg b.d. about 30%). The diurnally fluctuating uric acid clearance was dose dependently increased and there was no notable effect on creatinine clearance. Plasma hypoxanthine levels were not affected by ambroxol. No severe adverse events were reported and no drug induced changes in the clinical laboratory values were observed. It is concluded that ambroxol has an uricosuric action following oral administration of higher doses (250 mg-500 mg b.d.) and it is well tolerated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271364
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of theophylline and enprofylline in patients with liver cirrhosis and in patients with chronic renal disease (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 357-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; enprofylline ; liver cirrhosis ; renal failure ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the pharmacokinetics of theophylline and enprofylline in patients with liver cirrhosis, patients with chronic renal failure, and healthy subjects, and have assessed the predictive value of routine tests of liver function and renal function (creatinine clearance) for theophylline and enprofylline total body clearances. Theophylline clearance was significantly decreased in the patients with liver cirrhosis compared with both the patients with renal failure and the healthy subjects (the mean values in the three groups were 24, 47, and 46 ml·h−1·kg−1 respectively. Enprofylline clearance was significantly decreased in the patients with chronic renal failure, compared with both the patients with liver cirrhosis and the healthy subjects (the values in the three groups were 64, 250, and 289 ml·h−1·kg−1 respectively. There was a strong correlation between creatinine clearance and enprofylline clearance, while there was only a poor correlation between the liver function tests and theophylline clearance. It appears that in various clinical situations enprofylline elimination can be predicted more precisely than theophylline elimination, which may make the drug safer in clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561364
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creation of four consecutive instantaneous steady-state plasma concentration plateaus of theophylline and enprofylline by repeated infusions with exponentially decreasing delivery rates (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 657-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; enprofylline ; asthma ; pharmacokinetics ; intravenous infusion ; plateau levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Repeated exponentially decreasing influsions have been used to administer theophylline and enprofylline to show whether it would be feasible to create consecutive plasma concentration plateaus within a few hours. The infusions were carried out on two separate days in 8 stable asthmatics. Before the infusion experiments, the pharmacokinetics of the substances in the individual subjects were determined on a separate day. Plasma concentration rose to the desired level within 5 min after the start of the infusion at each dose level and a stable plasma concentration plateau was maintained during the following 90 min of the infusion. It was possible to achieve 4 subsequent concentration plateaus within a 6 h period. Use of this infusion method resulted in predictable plasma concentrations at all levels and so the method appears safe when the required plasma concentrations are below the toxic level. Apart from clinical situations where effective dosages of drugs must be administered rapidly, the method showed be useful in pharmacological dose-response studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637603
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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