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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Withdrawal following repeated exposure to d-amphetamine decreases responding for a sucrose solution as measured by a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 141 (1999), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Anhedonia ; Amphetamine ; Depression ; Progressive ratio ; Psychostimulant ; Rat ; Sucrose solution ; Withdrawal
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Numerous studies have shown that withdrawal from sustained high doses of psychostimulant drugs such as cocaine or d-amphetamine produces depressive-like symptoms in both rats and humans. The majority of experiments with rodents have assessed the effects of amphetamine withdrawal on reinforcing electrical self-stimulation in different brain regions, but relatively few have examined effects on responding for natural reinforcers. In the present study, two groups of mildly food and water deprived male rats were trained to respond on a lever for a 4% sucrose solution under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. One group was subsequently administered a 4-day regimen of injections of increasing doses of d-amphetamine based on a schedule shown previously to reduce self-stimulation behaviour. Break points were significantly reduced for up to 4 days after the termination of drug administration, suggesting a decreased motivation to obtain the natural reward. A further experiment demonstrated that the identical drug regimen produced no effect upon consumption of the 4% sucrose solution when it was freely available. These results demonstrate that the progressive ratio procedure may be a useful technique for evaluating changes in motivation for natural reinforcing stimuli following withdrawal from psychostimulant drugs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050812
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Independence of amphetamine reward from locomotor stimulation demonstrated by conditioned place preference (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Conditioned place preference ; Amphetamine ; Reward ; Novelty ; Locomotion ; Restraint
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm is used widely as a measure of a drug's rewarding properties. The present study examined whether the CPP produced by amphetamine is dependent on the locomotor stimulation that is produced by the drug. An earlier study (Swerdlow and Koob 1984) found that interfering with loomotor stimulation using restraint during the drug treatment blocked CPP. The present study examined whether this effect of restraint was indeed due to restriction of locomotion or was due to restraint maintaining the stimulus novelty of the CPP apparatus. The first experiment showed that novelty of the apparatus itself was a potent factor in the CPP paradigm and was capable of producing a place preference. The second experiment showed that restraint alone could produce a CPP, as would be expected if it maintained stimulus novelty of the apparatus. It also showed that although a CPP to amphetamine could be blocked by restraining the animals during drug treatment, prior habituation to the apparatus to reduce stimulus novelty before treatment negated the effect of restraint on amphetamine CPP. These results indicate that rats can demonstrate a CPP produced by amphetamine even when their activity is restrained. This suggests that the drug's rewarding properties are not dependent on locomotor stimulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176849
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Further applications for capillary gas chromatography in routine quantitative toxicological analyses (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 13 (1990), S. 754-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary GC ; Forensic ; Toxicology ; Drug analysis ; Biological fluids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The use of capillary column gas chromatography for drug screening in forensic toxicology has become increasingly widespread. Screening procedures however are often lengthy and unsuitable for rapid confirmatory or quantitative applications. In order to develop a practical scheme for confirmatory/quantitative analysis, we have optimized a series of temperature profiles to allow the rapid quantitative determination of a wide range of acid/neutral and basic drugs in extracts from post mortem fluids and tissue. The appropriate profile is selected based on the retention index on a standard crosslinked methyl silicone column used to screen extracts. The use of a 5% phenyl methyl silicone phase allows complementary identification, and allows the separation of some pairs of compounds with identical retention indices in the screning procedure.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240131106
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fast-Atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the organometallic parasiticide, meglumine antimonate (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 372-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The mass spectrometry of an organometallic parasiticide used for treatment of leishmaniasis was studied using primarily fast-atom bombardment with complementary studies conducted using electrospray ionization. The positive-ion mass spectrum of meglumine antimonate contained ions with characteristic antimony isotope ratios (57:43) at m/z 627/629, 507/509, 406/408 and 314/316. There was also evidence of ion clusters containing antimony atoms (Sb1-3), which decompose to the mass 507/509 species under acid pH conditions. For meglumine antimonate, an empirical formula C14H30O10N2Sb (molecular weight 507) is proposed with a structure containing four Sb—O bonds in a symmetrical geometry.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290090503
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