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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (9)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (6)
  • Rat  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation of the parabigeminal nucleus to the superior colliculus and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the hooded rat (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 56 (1984), S. 144-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Parabigeminal nucleus ; Superior colliculus ; Lateral geniculate nucleus ; HRP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The retino-recipient layers of the superior colliculus project predominantly to the dorsal and ventral divisions of the ipsilateral parabigeminal nucleus, while receiving an input chiefly from the medial division of the contralateral nucleus. A variety of retrograde tracing techniques was used to confirm that there is a projection from the medial division of the parabigeminal nucleus to the contralateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in normal adult hooded rats. Some parabigeminal cells branch to supply both dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and retino-recipient layers of the superior colliculus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237450
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative assessment of the microstructure of rat behavior: I.f(d), The extension of the scaling hypothesis (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 113 (1993), S. 177-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Rat ; Behavior ; Microstructure ; Scaling measures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies demonstrated that drug effects on the movement sequences of rats in unconditioned motor activity paradigms can be quantified by scaling measures that describe the average relationship between a variable of interest and an experimental parameter. However, rats engage in a wide variety of geometrically distinct movements that can be influenced differentially by drugs. In this investigation, the extended scaling approach is presented to capture quantitatively the relative contributions of geometrically distinct movement sequences to the overall path structure. The calculation of the spectrum of local spatial scaling exponents,f(d), is based on ensemble methods used in statistical physics. Results of thef(d) analysis confirm that the amount of motor activity is not correlated with the geometrical structure of movement sequences. Changes in the average spatial scaling exponent,d, correspond to shifting the entiref(d) function, and indicate overall changes in path structure. With the extended scaling approach, straight movement sequences are assessed independently from highly circumscribed movements. Thus, thef(d) function identifies drug effects on particular ranges of movement sequences as defined by the geometrical structure of movements. More generally, thef(d) function quantifies the relationship between microscopically recorded variables, in this paradigm consecutive (x, y) locations, and the macroscopic behavioral patterns that constitute the animal's response topography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245695
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative assessment of the microstructure of rat behavior: II. Distinctive effects of dopamine releasers and uptake inhibitors (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 113 (1993), S. 187-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Rat ; Behavior ; Microstructure ; Dopamine releasers ; Dopamine uptake inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of four indirect dopamine agonists,d-amphetamine (0.25–4.0 mg/kg), cocaine (2.5–40.0 mg/kg), GBR 12909 (10.0–30.0 mg/kg), and nomifensine (5.0–20.0 mg/kg), on the behavioral organization of movements in an unconditioned motor paradigm were investigated in rats. The extended scaling hypothesis using the fluctuation spectrum of local spatial scaling exponents was used to quantify the geometrical characteristics of movements. The results reveal a qualitatively similar disruption of behavioral organization by lower doses of these drugs. Specifically, rats treated withd-amphetamine (〈2.0 mg/kg), cocaine (〈20.0 mg/kg), GBR 12909 (〈20.0 mg/kg), or nomifensine (〈10.0 mg/kg) exhibited a reduced range in the fluctuation spectrum, reflecting a predominance of meandering movements with local spatial scaling exponents between 1.3 and 1.7. This reduction was accompanied dynamically by a reduced predictability of movement sequences as measured by the dynamical entropy,h. By contrast, higher doses of these drugs produced distinctly different changes in behavioral organization. In particular, 4.0 mg/kgd-amphetamine and 40.0 mg/kg cocaine increased the fluctuation range, reflecting relative increases in both straight and circumscribed movements that are interpreted as a combination of spatially extended and local perseveration. In contrast, high doses of 30.0 mg/kg GBR 12909 and 20.0 mg/kg nomifensine induced only local perseveration. High doses ofd-amphetamine, cocaine, GBR 12909 and nomifensine reduced the dynamical entropy,h, indicating an increased predictability of the movement sequences. These results suggest that the generic behavioral change induced by low doses of dopamine agonists is characterized by a reduced variety of path patterns coupled with an increased variability in sequential movement sequences. The differential effects of higher doses of these drugs may be due to their influences on other neurotransmitter systems or differential affinities for different dopamine subsystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245696
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical model for the optimization of the reaction between 2,3-bis(m-tolyl)quinolizinium bromide and piperidine using a factorial design (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Derivatization reaction ; Factorial design ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of nucleophiles have been successfully identified and quantified using the Kröhnke reaction with 2,3-diphenyl derivatives of quinolizinium salts. Optimization of the reaction conditions by means of a mathematical model involving analysis of the response surface has led to a better understanding of the factors exerting an influence on the above reaction.The parameters chosen were temperature, reaction time, base concentration, water concentration and nucleophile concentration. The reaction was developed in polar aprotic solvents (acetone, acetonitrile). To facilitate the nucleophilic attack, the presence of an organic base (triethylamine) was necessary, although concentrations in excess of 0·15M did not alter the development of the reaction. Since pharmaceutical solutions are often aqueous, the influence of water on the reaction was studied. Low water volumes have no significant influence on the opening of the quinolizinium ring by the nucleophilic reagent. However, when the water proportion exceeded that of the organic solvent, the fluorescence intensity was lower than expected. Development of the fluorescent reaction product was first detected 5 min after the reaction started. The fluorescence intensity reached its optimum value after 138 min.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060102
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization for rapid determination of the sequences of biologically active peptides isolated from support-bound combinatorial peptide libraries (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 77-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A termination synthesis approach has been developed to encode each resin bead in support-bound combinatorial peptide libraries with the information needed to establish the sequence of the full-length products also contained on the beads. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry was then used to rapidly read the appropriate sequences. In addition to rapid peptide sequencing, the technique allows direct assessment of the quality of the synthetic library, since deletion peptides, side-reaction products and incomplete-deprotection products are readily observed. An anti-gp120 monoclonal antibody was screened against a hexapeptide library, and eight active peptides were isolated. Six of the eight peptides were shown to possess the exact recognition sequence for the antibody.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290080115
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thin layer chromatography/mass spectrometry: The advantages of tandem mass spectrometry (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 608-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The results of thin layer chromatography/mass spectrometry (TLC/MS) and thin layer chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (TLC/MS/MS) experiments are described. Spectra from the analytes were obtained directly from the absorbent without the need for extraction prior to analysis by mass spectrometry. These results illustrate the added specificity that the tandem mass spectrometer can afford in the detection and characterization of a range of compounds separated by TLC.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290061005
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antisense DNA oligonucleotides II: The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for the sequence verification of methylphosphonate oligodeoxyribonucleotides (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry has been used to measure accurately the molecular masses of synthetic methylphosphonate oligodeoxyribonucleotides, up to 18 nucleotides in length. A simple method has been developed for the complete sequence verification of these compounds, which are intractable by classical means. Sequencing from the 5′ end of the molecule is possible because of inefficiencies in the synthetic procedure. Complementary information from the 3′ end can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of the methylphosphonate backbone.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced Resolution of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers by Tandem-Column Silver-Ion High Performance Liquid Chromatography (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 22 (1999), S. 144-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) ; silver-ion high performance liquid chromatography (Ag+-HPLC) ; cheese ; analysis ; silver-ion chromatography ; tandem-column Ag+-HPLC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---A commercial mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, reportedly consisting of six components, was recently resolved into 12 peaks attributed to CLA isomers using silver-ion high performance liquid chromatography (Ag+-HPLC). In this study, the coupling of two analytical silver-ion high performance liquid chromatography columns (tandem-column Ag+-HPLC) in series led to the enhanced resolution of CLA isomers. Many CLA isomers were baseline resolved and the pair 18 : 2 8,10 c/t and 18 : 2 7,9 c/t found in cheese products, was resolved for the first time. In this work, a similar commercial CLA mixture was separated into 16 peaks, while CLA isomers from cheese also gave rise to 16 peaks. As expected, the CLA isomers were separated into three geometric groups in the order trans,trans, cis/trans, and cis,cis. Semi-preparative Ag+-HPLC, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy of the dimethyloxazoline derivatives, was used to confirm the identity of the newly resolved positional CLA isomers. The double bond configuration of CLA isomers was established by gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Two minor t,t CLA isomers found in cheese, presumably 18 : 2 t6t8 and 18 : 2 t13t15, were also separated. The CLA isomeric composition of 16 commercial cheese products was determined.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of 2J(HH) and 1J(CH) for transition metal methyl compounds; evidence for geometric dependence of 2J(HH) (1987)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 25 (1987), S. 544-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR Coupling constants ; TiCH3Cl3 Agostic ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Calculations of 2J(HH) and 1J(CH) for CH4, TiCl3CH3, Mn(CO)5CH3 and Zn(CH3)2 as a function of C-H distance and M—C—H angle have been carried out, based on the extended Hückel method. The positive geminal coupling constant found for TiCl3CH3 is shown to be caused by the small Ti—C—H angle, and the results suggest that the sign and magnitude of the geminal coupling constant in methyl groups could be a useful probe of their solution structure.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260250618
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