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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 56 (1984), S. 144-148 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Parabigeminal nucleus ; Superior colliculus ; Lateral geniculate nucleus ; HRP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The retino-recipient layers of the superior colliculus project predominantly to the dorsal and ventral divisions of the ipsilateral parabigeminal nucleus, while receiving an input chiefly from the medial division of the contralateral nucleus. A variety of retrograde tracing techniques was used to confirm that there is a projection from the medial division of the parabigeminal nucleus to the contralateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in normal adult hooded rats. Some parabigeminal cells branch to supply both dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and retino-recipient layers of the superior colliculus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 62 (1986), S. 77-88 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Morphology ; Retino-geniculate ; Topography ; Segregation ; HRP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of retinal ganglion cells which project to different parts of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (DLG) in the hooded rat has been investigated. Small amounts of a retrograde tracer (horseradish peroxidase) were injected into the DLG, then labelled retinal ganglion cells were examined in retinal wholemounts. After injections into different parts of the DLG, differences were noted in the size, morphology and retinal distribution of labelled retinal ganglion cells. Specifically, after injections into the antero-ventral part of the DLG labelled retinal ganglion cells were spread sparsely across the retina, had large cell somas, and many were identified with Class I or Class III morphology. After injections into the postero-dorsal part of the DLG, labelled cells were more densely packed, had smaller somas, and more were identified with Class IIa and Class III morphology. The density of labelled cells was estimated to be no more than 37% of the total retinal ganglion cell density at any retinal position examined. These results show that in the rat, as in other species such as the cat or monkey, the terminals of different classes of retinal ganglion cells are segregated within different subdivisions of the DLG. However, unlike these other species, only a minority of the total retinal ganglion cell population projects to the DLG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
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    Urbana, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    American Journal of Psychology. 41 (1929) 91 
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  • 4
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    Urbana, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    American Journal of Psychology. 41 (1929) 91 
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract All 87 known cases of bacteraemia due toStreptococcus pyogenes (beta-haemolytic group A streptococci) occurring during the peak of a nationwide outbreak in Norway (population 4.2 million) between January and June 1988 were reviewed. Clinical features varied widely and appeared largely to be dependent on the patients' age. The case fatality rate ranged from 11 % in the age group under 30 years to 44 % in patients over 60 years. Clinical complications such as shock, severe renal or respiratory failure or serious local infection occurred particularly in 30-to 59-year old individuals. Shock was manifest in 32 % of the patients and carried a 68 % case fatality rate. Chronic heart disease in the elderly and pneumonia seemed to be associated with a fatal outcome. In the 25 patients (29 %) who died the disease showed a fulminant course, 80 % dying within 48 hours after admission. However, 56 % of the patients had experienced symptoms for more than two days before admission, suggesting that early diagnosis and treatment might possibly have prevented the development of a serious disease. This study revealed a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in bacteraemia cases in a unique epidemiological situation caused largely by a single serotype ofStreptococcus pyogenes; 89 % of the 27 preserved bacteraemia strains carried the M-1 antigen. The observations call attention to the ability of these organisms to cause fulminant clinical illness, indicating a probable increase in both invasiveness and toxicity of group A streptococci responsible for the epidemic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Least flycatcher ; American redstart ; Interference competition ; Aggressive interactions ; Interspecific response to song
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Least flycatchers (Empidonax minimus) and American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) overlap in the use of food resources on their breeding grounds, promoting high levels of interspecific aggression by the socially dominant flycatcher. We examined the role of song in this interspecific aggression by using repeated-measures-designed playback experiments and observational data on induced aggressive interactions. Flycatchers were more likely to approach the speaker during presentation of redstart song than during intervals of no song or presentation of control song. Approach was close enough to enable visual contact with a singing redstart. In contrast, redstarts made significantly fewer flights following presentation of flycatcher song, when risk of flycatcher attack may be greatest. Reducing the number of flights likely reduces the risk of flycatcher attack on the redstart, as flycatchers do not attack stationary redstart models and are apparently dependent on cues from redstart flight for visual heterospecific recognition. Flycatcher-specific responses of redstarts and marked differences in song morphology rule out misdirected intraspecific aggression as a proximate or ultimate cause of interspecific response to song. Results indicate that song is an important component in aggressive interactions between these two species, and reflect the dominant role of the flycatcher in such interactions. Our results also illustrate the capacity for interspecific interference competition to influence behavior and heterospecific song recognition in two distant avian taxa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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