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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (6)
  • Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium  (4)
  • schizophrenia  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 5-HT2A receptor antagonist M100907 is more effective in counteracting NMDA antagonist- than dopamine agonist-induced hyperactivity in mice (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 106 (1999), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: Serotonin ; glutamate ; schizophrenia ; MK-801 ; d-amphetamine ; M100907.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of the selective 5-HT2A antagonist M100907 in different psychosis models. The classical neuroleptic haloperidol was used as reference compound. Two hyperdopaminergia and two hypoglutamatergia mouse models were used. Hyperdopaminergia was produced by the DA releaser d-amphetamine or the DA uptake inhibitor GBR 12909. Hypoglutamatergia was produced by the un-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 or the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist D-CPPene. M100907 was found to counteract the locomotor stimulant effects of the NMDA receptor antagonists MK-801 and D-CPPene, but spontaneous locomotion, d-amphetamine- and GBR-12909-induced hyperactivity were not significantly affected. Haloperidol, on the other hand, antagonized both NMDA antagonist- and DA agonist-induced hyperactivity, as well as spontaneous locomotion in the highest dose used. Based on the present and previous results we draw the conclusion that 5-HT2A receptor antagonists are particularly effective against behavioural anomalies resulting from hypoglutamatergia of various origins. The clinical implications of our results and conclusions would be that a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, due to i a the low side effect liability, could be the preferable treatment strategy in various disorders associated with hypoglutamatergia; such conditions might include schizophrenia, childhood autism and dementia disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007020050144
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of the VNTR locus D1S80 in central Spain (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1993), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: D1S80 locus ; PCR ; Discontinuous PAGE ; Allele frequencies ; Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ; D1S80-Locus ; PCR ; diskontinuierliche PAGE ; Allelfrequenzen ; Hardy-Weinberg-Gleichgewicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Polymorphismus des Locus D1S80 wurde in einer Bevölkerungsstichprobe von 203 unverwandten, in Madrid lebenden Personen unter-sucht. Die Untersuchung erfolgte mit Hilfe der PCR und nachfolgender, halbtrockener diskontinuierlicher Polyacrylamidgel-Elektrophorese (Tris-chlorid/Tris-glycin-Puffersystem) mit nachfolgender Silberfärbung. Das beschriebene elektrophoretische System dieser Untersuchung bietet eine hohe Auflösung in der Auftrennung der verschiedenen D1S80-Allele und erlaubt den Nachweis einer Mikrovariabilität um das Allel T22 in der spanischen Bevölkerung, welche zwischen 17 und 40 Wiederholungseinheiten der zugrunde liegenden 16 Bp-Einheit enthalten. Die Allele T18 and T24 wurden als relativ häufig in Spanien gefunden, wie auch in anderen Populationen, mit Frequenzen von 0,224 bzw. 0,372. Es fand sich kein Beweis für signifikante Abweichungen vom Hardy-Weinberg-Gleichgewicht in dieser vorläufigen Populationsstudie.
    Notes: Summary The polymorphism of the D1S80 locus has been analyzed in a population sample of 203 unrelated individuals living in Madrid (central Spain) by PCR and subsequent semi-dry discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Tris-chloride/Tris-glycine buffer system) followed by silver staining, The electrophoretic system described in this study offers high resolution in the separation of the different D1S80 alleles allowing the detection of microvariability around the allele T22 in the spanish population. Twenty different alleles containing 17–40 repeats of the basic 16bp unit were distinguished. The alleles T18 and T24 were found to be relatively common in Spain, as in other populations:, with frequencies of 0.224 and 0.372, respectively. No evidence of significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found in these preliminary population data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01222113
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basque Country autochthonous population data on 7 short tandem repeat loci (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 111 (1998), S. 162-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Basque Country ; Population database ; PCR ; Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ; Linkage ; equilibrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Blood samples from 202–208 unrelated Basque Country autochthonous individuals were amplified, typed and their allele frequencies were determined. Results demonstrate the assumption of independence within and between the loci analyzed. Therefore, a Basque population database can be used in identity testing to estimate the frequency of a multiple PCR-based locus DNA profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050140
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rodent data and general hypothesis: antipsychotic action exerted through 5-HT2A receptor antagonism is dependent on increased serotonergic tone (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 105 (1998), S. 365-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: MDL100907 ; M100907 ; MK-801 ; locomotion ; schizophrenia ; serotonin ; mouse ; psychosis ; monoaminergic biochemistry.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The locomotor stimulation induced by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 (dizocilpine) in mice was regarded as a model of at least some aspects of schizophrenia. The serotonin synthesis inhibitor dl-p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) was used to evaluate the involvement of endogenous serotonin in (a) the induction of MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion in NMRI mice, and (b) the inhibition of MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion by each of five monoaminergic antagonists (M100907, clozapine, olanzapine, raclopride, SCH23390). Further, brain monoaminergic biochemistry was characterised in rats and mice after various drug treatments. PCPA pretreatment did not significantly reduce MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion in any of the experiments performed; however in a meta-analysis of six experiments, the locomotion displayed by MK-801-treated animals was diminished 17% by PCPA pretreatment. The selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist M100907 exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion. This effect was abolished in mice pretreated with PCPA, but could be restored in a dose-dependent manner by restitution of endogenous 5-HT by means of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). On the other hand, the inhibition of MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion exerted by the selective dopamine D-2 receptor antagonist raclopride or the dopamine D-1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 was unaffected by PCPA pretreatment. The antipsychotics clozapine and olanzapine displayed a split profile. Hence, the inhibitory effect on MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion exerted by low doses of these compounds was diminished after PCPA pretreatment, while inhibition exerted by higher doses was unaffected by PCPA. These results suggest that (1) MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion is accompanied by an activation of, but is not fully dependent upon, brain serotonergic systems. (2) In the hypoglutamatergic state induced by MK-801, endogenous serotonin exerts a stimulatory effect on locomotion through an action at 5-HT2A receptors, an effect that is almost completely counterbalanced by a concomitant inhibitory impact on locomotion, mediated through stimulation of serotonin receptors other than 5-HT2A receptors. M100907, by blocking 5-HT2A receptors, unveils the inhibitory effect exerted on locomotion by these other serotonin receptors. (3) Dopamine D-2 receptor antagonistic properties of antipsychotic compounds, when they come into play, override 5-HT2A receptor antagonism. Possible implications for the treatment of schizophrenia with 5-HT2A receptor antagonists are discussed. It is hypothesized that treatment response to such agents is dependent on increased serotonergic tone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007020050064
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spanish population data on the four STR loci D8S1179, D16S539, D18S51 and D21S11 (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 112 (1999), S. 340-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words PCR ; STR ; D8S1179 ; D16S539 ; D18S51 ; D21S11 ; Spain ; Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Population data were generated for four tetrameric short tandem repeat loci systems (D8S1179, D16S539, D18S51 and D21S11) for a Spanish Caucasian population sample (n = 218–219 individuals) using PCR. All loci were highly polymorphic, met Hardy-Weinberg expectations and the results demonstrated the assumption of independence of the loci analysed. The allele frequency data can be used in identity testing to estimate the frequency of a multiple PCR-based DNA profile in the Spanish population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050266
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Spanish population study of the STR loci HumLPL, D5S818, D7S820 and D13S317 (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 112 (1998), S. 70-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words PCR ; STR ; HUMLPL ; D5S818 ; D7S820 ; D13S317 ; Population database ; Spain ; Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Allele and genotype frequencies for four tetrameric short tandem repeat loci were determined in a Spanish population sample (N = 193-225) using PCR. All loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations and the results demonstrated the assumption of independence of the loci analysed. The allele frequency data can be used in identity testing to estimate the frequency of a multiple PCR-based DNA profile in the Spanish population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050203
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the roles of dopamine D-1 vs. D-2 receptors for the hyperactivity response elicited by MK-801 (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 95 (1994), S. 113-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: NMDA receptors ; DA receptors ; MK-801 ; SCH 23390 ; raclopride ; locomotor activity ; schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was aimed at clarifying to what extent the hypermotility induced by the uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist MK-801 depends on dopamine (DA) D-1 compared to D-2 receptor tone. The D-1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 was found to reduce locomotion to a greater extent in MK-801-treated than in vehicle-treated mice, whereas the reverse appeared to be the case for the DA D-2 receptor antagonist raclopride. In other words, MK-801-induced hyperactivity was more readily antagonized by SCH 23390 than by raclopride and, thus, DA D-1 receptors seem to be more important than D-2 receptors for MK-801-induced hyperactivity. These results are in line with our previous observation that MK-801 generally interacts synergistically with a DA D-1 but not with a D-2 receptor agonist in monoamine-depleted mice. In view of the possible role of deficient glutamatergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia, our findings underline the importance of investigating the efficacy of selective DA D-1 antagonists in this disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276430
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical model for the optimization of the reaction between 2,3-bis(m-tolyl)quinolizinium bromide and piperidine using a factorial design (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Derivatization reaction ; Factorial design ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of nucleophiles have been successfully identified and quantified using the Kröhnke reaction with 2,3-diphenyl derivatives of quinolizinium salts. Optimization of the reaction conditions by means of a mathematical model involving analysis of the response surface has led to a better understanding of the factors exerting an influence on the above reaction.The parameters chosen were temperature, reaction time, base concentration, water concentration and nucleophile concentration. The reaction was developed in polar aprotic solvents (acetone, acetonitrile). To facilitate the nucleophilic attack, the presence of an organic base (triethylamine) was necessary, although concentrations in excess of 0·15M did not alter the development of the reaction. Since pharmaceutical solutions are often aqueous, the influence of water on the reaction was studied. Low water volumes have no significant influence on the opening of the quinolizinium ring by the nucleophilic reagent. However, when the water proportion exceeded that of the organic solvent, the fluorescence intensity was lower than expected. Development of the fluorescent reaction product was first detected 5 min after the reaction started. The fluorescence intensity reached its optimum value after 138 min.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced Resolution of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers by Tandem-Column Silver-Ion High Performance Liquid Chromatography (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 22 (1999), S. 144-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) ; silver-ion high performance liquid chromatography (Ag+-HPLC) ; cheese ; analysis ; silver-ion chromatography ; tandem-column Ag+-HPLC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---A commercial mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, reportedly consisting of six components, was recently resolved into 12 peaks attributed to CLA isomers using silver-ion high performance liquid chromatography (Ag+-HPLC). In this study, the coupling of two analytical silver-ion high performance liquid chromatography columns (tandem-column Ag+-HPLC) in series led to the enhanced resolution of CLA isomers. Many CLA isomers were baseline resolved and the pair 18 : 2 8,10 c/t and 18 : 2 7,9 c/t found in cheese products, was resolved for the first time. In this work, a similar commercial CLA mixture was separated into 16 peaks, while CLA isomers from cheese also gave rise to 16 peaks. As expected, the CLA isomers were separated into three geometric groups in the order trans,trans, cis/trans, and cis,cis. Semi-preparative Ag+-HPLC, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy of the dimethyloxazoline derivatives, was used to confirm the identity of the newly resolved positional CLA isomers. The double bond configuration of CLA isomers was established by gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Two minor t,t CLA isomers found in cheese, presumably 18 : 2 t6t8 and 18 : 2 t13t15, were also separated. The CLA isomeric composition of 16 commercial cheese products was determined.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization for rapid determination of the sequences of biologically active peptides isolated from support-bound combinatorial peptide libraries (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 77-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A termination synthesis approach has been developed to encode each resin bead in support-bound combinatorial peptide libraries with the information needed to establish the sequence of the full-length products also contained on the beads. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry was then used to rapidly read the appropriate sequences. In addition to rapid peptide sequencing, the technique allows direct assessment of the quality of the synthetic library, since deletion peptides, side-reaction products and incomplete-deprotection products are readily observed. An anti-gp120 monoclonal antibody was screened against a hexapeptide library, and eight active peptides were isolated. Six of the eight peptides were shown to possess the exact recognition sequence for the antibody.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290080115
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