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  • 1
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Lumbar plexus ; Intercostal nerves ; Anesthesia regional ; Paravertebral block
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Summary An injection of a local anesthetics in the paravertebral region produces an analgesic field on the same side of the body, a paravertebral block. One point in question about this block is whether the local anesthetic spreads from the thoracic to the lumbar level of the paravertebral region. The purpose of this study was to find how the anesthetic fluid traveled to the lumbar paravertebral region, if at all. Twelve cadavers were used in this study. 15 ml of crimson dye was injected into the paravertebral region at the 11th thoracic level. The viscerae were removed so that we could examine the dye spread. While the crimson dye spread in the endothoracic fascia posterior to the parietal pleura, it also spread downward in the fascia mostly along the splanchnic nerves. At the upper surface of the diaphragm the dye spread laterally in the fascia, and entered the abdominal cavity through the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments. In the abdominal cavity, the dye was found to have spread so widely in the transversalis fascia that the subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous and femoral nerves were involved. We concluded that the dye in the thoracic paravertebral region can enter the abdominal cavity through the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments. This study explained possible fluid communication between the thoracic and lumbar paravertebral regions and confirmed our former clinical observations. The result is important for the future clinical application of paravertebral anesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Lumbar plexus ; Intercostal nerves ; Anesthesia regional ; Paravertebral block
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'injection d'un anesthésique local dans la région paravertébrales entraîne une analgésie unilatérale localisée (bloc paravertébral). On pouvait se demander si l'anesthésique local diffusait du niveau thoracique au niveau lombaire de la région paravertébrale. Le but de cette étude était de définir comment le liquide anesthésique gagnait la région paravertébrale lombaire, s'il le faisait. 12 cadavres ont été utilisés dans cette étude. 15 mm de colorant rouge ont été injectés dans la région paravertébrale des cadavres au niveau de la 11ème vertèbre thoracique. Les viscères ont ensuite été enlevés pour permettre l'examen de la diffusion du colorant. Le colorant diffusait dans le fascia endothoracique en arrière de la plèvre pariétale, puis vers le bas à l'intérieur du fascia, principalement le long des nerfs splanchniques. A la face supérieure du diaphragme, il diffusait latéralement dans le fascia, et pénétrait dans la cavité abdominale au-dessous des ligaments arqués médial et latéral. Dans la cavité abdominale, le colorant diffusait largement dans le fascia transversalis de telle sorte qu'il atteignait les nerfs subcostal, ilio-hypogastrique, ilio-inguinal, génito-fémoral, cutané latéral de la cuisse, et fémoral. Nous en avons conclu que le colorant pouvait passer de la région paravertébrale thoracique dans la cavité abdominale au-dessous des ligaments arqués médial et latéral. Cette étude montre la communication possible des liquides entre les régions paravertébrales thoracique et lombaire, et corrobore nos observations cliniques préalables. Le résultat en est important pour l'utilisation clinique ultérieure des blocs paravertébraux.
    Notes: Summary An injection of a local anesthetics in the paravertebral region produces an analgesic field on the same side of the body, a paravertebral block. One point in question about this block is whether the local anesthetic spreads from the thoracic to the lumbar level of the paravertebral region. The purpose of this study was to find how the anesthetic fluid traveled to the lumbar paravertebral region, if at all. Twelve cadavers were used in this study. 15 ml of crimson dye was injected into the paravertebral region at the 11th thoracic level. The viscerae were removed so that we could examine the dye spread. While the crimson dye spread in the endothoracic fascia posterior to the parietal pleura, it also spread downward in the fascia mostly along the splanchnic nerves. At the upper surface of the diaphragm the dye spread laterally in the fascia, and entered the abdominal cavity through the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments. In the abdominal cavity, the dye was found to have spread so widely in the transversalis fascia that the subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous and femoral nerves were involved. We concluded that the dye in the thoracic paravertebral region can enter the abdominal cavity through the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments. This study explained possible fluid communication between the thoracic and lumbar paravertebral regions and confirmed our former clinical observations. The result is important for the future clinical application of paravertebral anesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 26 (1987), S. 625-632 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of LiCl, NaCl, and CsCl as univalent salts, and of CaCl2, ZnCl2, and MgCl2 as divalent salts, on the α and antiparallel β-sheet, and random conformations of poly(L-lysine) (PLL), in water at room temperature were examined by means of CD and compared quantitatively on the basis of elliptical strength at the maximal peak. Changes in the α-helical and antiparallel β-sheet helical conformations of PLL were markedly dependent on the salt concentrations of LiCl, NaCl, and CsCl, which induced decreases in negative intensity in that order. The CD spectrum of the random conformation, the most disordered form, displayed positive cotton effect in concentrations of these salts up to 3.0M and a negative peak in concentrations of 6.0M. The effect of these salts on the random conformation of PLL was stronger than that on the α- and β-conformations in higher concentrations. The CD spectrum of the random conformation in the presence of CaCl2, ZnCl2, and MgCl2, on the other hand, showed negative cotton effect in salt concentrations as low as 3.0M. It was impossible, however, to measure the effect on α- and β-conformations of ZnCl2 and MgCl2 above concentrations of 10 mM because of a solubility problem with salts in alkaline solution.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 10 (1985), S. 129-138 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ammonium perchlorate (AP)-oxidized composite propellants, each of which contains separately copper chromite (CC) as a burning rate adjuster and carbon black (CB) as an opacifier, have been ignited at subatmospheric pressures of argon gas by means of a carbon dioxide laser, and the effects of the additives on the ignition behavior have been studied. It has been found that copper chromite shortens the ignition time especially below 100 torr and that at the same time it enhances the ignitability, i.e., self-sustaining ignition.Carbon black, being an opacifier decreasing reflectivity and increasing radiative absorption at propellant surface, can not be recognized to be an active catalyst in ignition at subatmospheric pressures.The data of differential thermal analysis (DTA) for above specimens have indicated that the maximum exothermic peak temperature is shifted toward a lower one with the increase in CC concentration, the exothermic peak structure becoming sharper. However, CB addition to the basic propellant makes exothermic peaks less distinct. The results of DTA support those obtained from the ignition experiments above.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 10 (1972), S. 51-56 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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