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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 57 (1998), S. S8 
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Key words ; Antidromic vasodilatation ; axon reflex ; flare reaction ; plasma extravasation ; substance P ; calcitonin gene-related peptide ; galanin ; capsaicin ; fibromyalgia ; Schlüsselwörter ; Antidrome Vasodilatation ; Axonreflex ; Flarereaktion ; Plasmaextravasation ; Substanz P ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; Galanin ; Capsaicin ; Fibromyalgie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung C-Faser Nozizeptoren haben neben ihrer afferenten auch lokale efferente Funktionen, wie Vasodilatation, Plasmaextravasation und die Modulation neuronaler Aktivität, die durch Freisetzung der Neuropeptide Substanz P, Neurokinin A und Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) an der peripheren Endigung ausgelöst werden. In der Haut der Säugetiere (einschließlich Mensch) ist CGRP der wichtigste Mediator der Flarereaktion. Die Vasodilatation wird beim Schwein durch Aktivierung von spezifischen Hitzenozizeptoren induziert. Bei der Taube wird die antidrome Vasodilatation durch intrinsisch freigesetztes Galanin gehemmt. Plasmaextravasation kann beim Schwein in Hautblasen und mit der Mikrodialyse durch Histaminsuperfusion, nicht aber durch elektrische Stimulation und Capsaicin, ausgelöst werden. Die neurogene Komponente der Histaminantwort (64%) wird durch NK2-Rezeptoren vermittelt und kann durch CGRP moduliert werden. Die genannten Neuropeptide können zur Sensibilisierung und unter bestimmten Bedingungen zur Stimulation von Nozizeptoren führen. Die erhöhte Sensitivität der Flarereaktion bei Fibromyalgiepatienten deutet auf eine veränderte Funktion der C-Faser Nozizeptoren hin.
    Notes: Summary C-fiber nociceptors not only serve afferent but also local efferent functions. The local efferent functions, such as vasodilatation, axon reflex flare reaction, plasma extravasation, and modulation of neuronal activity, are mediated via a local release of substance P, neurokinin A, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from the peripheral ending. CGRP is the main mediator of the capsaicin-induced flare reaction in the mammalian skin (including humans). In the pig skin the vasodilatation is due to activation of specific heat nociceptors. In the pigeon, antidromic vasodilatation is markedly inhibited by intrinsic galanin. Plasma extravasation in the pig skin blister base or using microdialysis can be evoked by histamine, but not by electrical stimulation or capsaicin. The neurogenic component of the histamine response (64%) appears to be mediated via NK2 receptors and can be modulated by CGRP. There is some evidence that the neuropeptides can also sensitize or stimulate nociceptors. Since in the fibromyalgia syndrome an increased sensitivity of the flare reaction has been observed, the hyperalgesia might be partly due to altered functions of C-fiber nociceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.40.Sc ; 25.70.Np
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the fragmentation of Au projectiles interacting with targets of C, Al and Cu at an incident energy ofE/A=600 MeV. The employed inverse kinematics allowed a nearly complete detection of projectile fragments with chargeZ≧2. The recorded fragmentation events were sorted according to three observables, the multiplicityM lp of light charged particles, the largest atomic numberZ max within an event, and a new observable,Z bound, representing the sum of the atomic numbersZ of all fragments withZ≧2. Using these observables, the impact parameter dependence of the fragmentation process was investigated. For all three targets, a maximum mean multiplicity of 3 to 4 intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) is observed. The corresponding impact parameters range from central collisions for theC target to increasingly peripheral collisions for the heavier targets. It is found that the correlation between the IMF multiplicity andZ bound, extending from evaporation type processes (largeZ bound) to the total disassembly of the projectile (smallZ bound), is independent of the target nucleus. This universal behaviour may suggest an — at least partial — equilibration of the projectile fragment prior to its decay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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