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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grain size and geochemical partitioning of heavy metals in sediments of the Damodar River – a tributary of the lower Ganga, India (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (1999), S. 90-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Damodar River ; Heavy metals ; Grain size ; Chemical fractionation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The distribution of Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr in different grain-size fractions and geochemical association of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn with 〈63-μm size fraction of bed sediments of Damodar River has been studied. In general, concentrations of heavy metals tend to increase as the size fractions get finer. However at two sites, near mining areas, the coarser particles show similar or even higher heavy metal concentrations than finer ones. The higher residence time and/or presence of coarser particles from mining wastes are possibly responsible for higher metal content in the coarser size fractions. The chemical fractionation study shows that lithogenic is the major chemical phase for heavy metals. Fe and Mn are the major elements of the lithogenic lattice, constituting 34–63% and 22–59%, respectively, of total concentrations. Fe-Mn oxide and organic bound fractions are significant phases in the non-lithogenic fraction. The carbonate fraction is less significant for heavy metal scavenging in the present environment and shows the following order of abundance Zn〉Cu〉Mn〉Fe. The exchangeable fraction of the Damodar sediments contains very low amounts of heavy metals suggesting poor bioavailability of metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050439
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental geochemistry of Damodar River basin, east coast of India (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 37 (1999), S. 124-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Damodar River ; Weathering ; Anthropogenic ; Heavy metal ; Total dissolved solids ; Total suspended matter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Water and bed sediment samples collected from the Damodar River and its tributaries were analysed to study elemental chemistry and suspended load characteristics of the river basin. Na and Ca are the dominant cations and HCO3 is the dominant anion. The water chemistry of the Damodar River basin strongly reflects the dominance of continental weathering aided by atmospheric and anthropogenic activities in the catchment area. High concentrations of SO4 and PO4 at some sites indicate the mining and anthropogenic impact on water quality. The high concentration of dissolved silica, relatively high (Na+K)/TZ+ ratio (0.2–0.4) and low equivalent ratio of (Ca+Mg)/(Na+K) indicate that dissolved ions contribute significantly to the weathering of aluminosilicate minerals of crystalline rocks. The seasonal data show a minimum ionic concentration in the monsoon season, reflecting the influence of atmospheric precipitation on total dissolved solids contents. The suspended sediments show a positive correlation with discharge and both discharge and suspended load reach their maximum value during the monsoon season. Kaolinite is the mineral that is possibly in equilibrium with the water. This implies that the chemistry of the Damodar River water favours kaolinite formation. The concentration of heavy metals in the finer size fraction (〈37 μ m) is significantly higher than the bulk composition. The geoaccumulation index values calculated for Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni and Cr are well below zero, suggesting that there is no pollution from these metals in Damodar River sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050369
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of wild relatives in genetic improvement of Arachis hypogaea L. (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arachis ; Karyomorphology ; D2 analysis and genetic distance ; Evolution ; Crop improvement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The chromosome complements of 12 taxa in section Arachis were karyotypically and meiotically analysed. In taxa with 2n=20 the arm ratio of the respective pair of chromosomes was taken as an independent quantitative character and statistically analysed by Mahalanobis D2. Two clusters were formed, one represented solely by A. batizocoi and the other consisting of the remaining 11 taxa. This grouping was confirmed by canonical analysis. In the larger group of species, A villosa and A. correntina were closely related karyotypically and on D2 distance, while A. cardenasii forms a distinct subgroup. A. cardenasii lacks the short “A” chromosome recorded in other species of this group, and A. batizocoi is no longer the only species to have a pair of chromosomes with a secondary constriction. The taxa with 2n=40, A. monticola and A. hypogaea, are karyotypically very similar, though there is a difference in the number of chromosome pairs with a secondary constriction. On the basis of karyomorphological affinity, especially in relation to marker chromosomes, A. cardenasii is probably one of the ancestors of the tetraploid species studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272846
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of wild relatives in the genetic improvement of Arachis hypogaea L. (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 433-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arachis ; Amphidiploids ; Genomes ; Chromosome pairing ; Recombinations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Synthetic amphidiploids were established in 32 combinations involving 8 diploid wild species representing both A and B genomes of section Arachis. Bivalent and multivalent associations in the amphidiploids of 7 A genome species confirm that these species have identical genomes. Contrastingly, high bivalent frequencies in amphidiploids involving the A and B genome species suggest that A. batizocoi has a distinct ‘B’ genome that is partially homologous to the other genome ‘A’ represented in the rest of the species. Crossability, chromosome pairing and pollen and pod fertility in hybrids between A. hypogaea and amphidiploids have revealed that these amphidiploids can be used as a genetic bridge for the transfer of genes from the wild species into the cultivated groundnut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289523
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of wild relatives in the genetic improvement of Arachis hypogaea L. (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 164-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arachis ; Autotetraploid ; Chromosome pairing ; Genomic relationships ; Recombinations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Autotetraploids were established from 8 diploid wild species of section Arachis. In all the autotetraploids the chromosomes paired largely as bivalents even though they possess the ability to pair as multivalents. Pollen and pod fertility in the C1 generation were not directly associated with chromosome pairing. The C2 generation autotetraploids showed a gradual increase in bivalent associations and pollen and pod fertility. The identification of two genomes, A and B, in the diploid species and in the tetraploid, A. hypogaea, of the section Arachis, a fairly good crossability, and the type of chromosome associations observed in hybrids between A. hypogaea and the autotetraploids of wild Arachis species indicated good prospects of utilizing autotetraploids as genetic bridges in transferring desired traits from these taxa into groundnut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266988
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relations in section Arachis based on seed protein profile (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 593-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arachis ; SDS-PAGE electrophoresis ; Protein-profile ; Homology ; Statistical-distance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Seed protein profiles of nine diploid species (2n = 20), ten tetraploid accessions, two synthetic amphidiploids and two autotetraploids (2n = 40) were studied using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. While the general profiles suggested considerable homology among these taxa in spite of speciation and ploidy differences, appreciable genetic differences were present to support the existing genomic divisions and sub-divisions in the section Arachis. A high degree of relationship was indicated between the two diploid species (A. duranensis containing the A genome and A. batizocoi (ICG 8210) containing the B genome) and tetraploids A. monticola/ A. hypogaea (2n = 40) containing AABB genome. Similar relationships were recorded between the AABB synthetic amphidiploid and the profile obtained from the mixture of protein of A. duranensis and A. batizocoi, suggesting that these two diploid species were the donors of the A and B genome, respectively, to tetraploid A. monticola/A. hypogaea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226795
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilisation of wild relatives in the genetic improvement of Arachis hypogaea L. (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 355-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arachis ; Crossability ; Chromosome pairing ; Pollen fertility ; Genomes ; Phylogenetic relationship ; Cluster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cross-compatibility of species in section Arachis Krap. et Greg. nom. nud., and chromosome pairing and pollen fertility in their interspecific F1 hybrids were studied to further understand the phylogenetic relationships among these species. Except those with A. batizocoi Krap. et Greg. nom. nud., hybrids between diploid species have near normal bivalent frequency (9.1–9.8) and moderate to high pollen fertility (60–91%). Hybrids between A. batizocoi and other species have low bivalent frequency (5.2–6.9) and very low pollen fertility (3–7%). These results confirm the earlier separation of these species into two groups based on karyomorphology and Mahalanobis D2 calculated on arm ratios. These studies also provide a picture of relative affinities between A. batizocoi, the lone member of one cluster, and the other species, and among the rest of the species. They also indicate that the basic chromosome complement in the two groups of species is the same. Chromosome pairing in triploid hybrids, (A. hypogaea L. X diploid wild species), suggests that A. batizocoi is the closest diploid relative of A. hypogaea. It is closer to A. hypogaea subspecies fastigiata Waldron than to A. hypogaea subspecies hypogaea Krap. et. Rig. Other diploid species of the section Arachis are equidistant from A. hypogaea, and have the same genome which has strong homology to one of the genomes of A. hypogaea. Based on the present results, the two tetraploid species, A. monticola Krap. et Rig. and A. hypogaea can be recognised as two forms of the same species. Breeding implications have been discussed in the light of chromosome behaviour observed in hybrids of A. hypogaea X diploid species, and on the presumptions that A. hypogaea has an AABB genomic constitution, and that among the diploid species, the ‘B’ genome is present in A. batizocoi while the ‘A’ genome is common to the other diploid species of section Arachis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267889
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Arachis based on seed protein profiles (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 74 (1993), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis ; electrophoretic bands ; protein profile ; homologies ; percentage of similarity ; phylogenetic relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seed protein profiles of 19 accessions representing seven sections of the genus Arachis were studied using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The general profile showed appreciable homology between these taxa, supporting their classification based on morphology and cross-compatibility relationships. The accessions of section Arachis expressed a high variation confirming inferences from earlier studies. Variation between accessions of a species is limited. Accessions of the section Ambinervosae and Caulorhizae formed one cluster and accessions of sect. Erectoides and Procumbensae formed another. Whereas the representative accessions of sect. Triseminalae and Extranervosae formed two independent clusters. Using the percentage of dissimilarity in electrophoretic bands as a statistical genetic distance between accessions, sect. Arachis (containing the cultivated groundnut, A. hypogaea) is phylogenetically closest to sect. Erectoides followed by Procumbensae, Ambinervosae, Caulorhizae, Triseminalae and Extranervosae, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040404
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