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Cigarette withdrawal symptoms in adolescent smokers (1986)

McNeill, Ann D. ; West, Robert J. ; Jarvis, Martin ; [et al.]

Springer

Psychopharmacology 90 (1986), S. 533-536

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ISSN: 1432-2072

Keywords: Cigarette smoking ; Withdrawal ; Adolescents ; Cotinine

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract One hundred and sixteen female adolescent smokers were asked about withdrawal symptoms experienced during past attempts to give up smoking for good. Sixty-three percent reported difficulties during abstinence of the kind experienced by adult smokers. Daily smokers were more likely to report withdrawal effects than non-daily smokers (74% versus 47%, P〈0.005). Reported experience of withdrawal symptoms was positively related to self-reports of cigarette consumption and depth of inhalation and nicotine intake as indexed by salivary cotinine concentrations. Reported occurrence of at least one withdrawal effect correlated positively with nicotine intake after controlling for behavioural variables. Our results indicate that teenage smokers are likely to suffer withdrawal symptoms when they try to give up. Behavioural factors and expectations based on observations of adults may have played a part in their experience of withdrawal, but it is also likely that pharmacological factors are implicated even at this early stage.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174074

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Synthetic and Structural Studies of 1-Sila-2,5-diaryltetrazenes (1997)

Frenzel, Andrea ; Buffy, Jarrod J. ; Powell, Douglas R. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1579-1583

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ISSN: 0009-2940

Keywords: Silatetrazenes ; Nitrogen-silicon ring systems ; Bissilylamines ; Silicon-29 solid state NMR ; Aryl azides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: The reaction between aryl azides and lithiated aryl amines leads to tetrazenes 3 and 9 which contain a chain of four nitrogen atoms. Reaction with different halosilanes gives the cyclic silatetrazenes 10, 12, and 15 where substitutents on the silicon vary form alkyl to hydrogen and chlorine atoms. The structures of 10, 12, and 15 in the solid state are reported. Variation of the solvent and the Lewis acidity of the halosilane influence the ratio of silatetrazene to side products, bissilyated amines. These effects are studied for different halosilanes.

Additional Material: 2 Tab.