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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Earthworm response to rotation and tillage in a Missouri claypan soil (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Aporrectodea trapezoides ; Diplocardia singularis ; Population density ; Ash-free biomass ; Crop rotation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Agricultural management practices affect earthworm populations. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of two rotations and two tillage systems on earthworm population density and biomass in a claypan soil. The rotations were soybean/corn and wheat/corn, and the tillage systems were conventional tillage (chisel plowed and disked) and no-tillage. Earthworm and soil samples were collected in fall 1995, spring 1996, and fall 1996. Aporrectodea trapezoides and Diplocardia singularis were the species identified at the site. A. trapezoides accounted for 92–96% of the total earthworm population density and D. singularis accounted for only 4–8%. In a no-till system, soybean/corn rotation resulted in significantly greater population density of A. trapezoides compared with the wheat/corn rotation. Crop residue quality (low C:N ratio) and quantity were important factors in increasing A. trapezoides population density and biomass. Conventional tillage markedly decreased population density and biomass of both earthworm species. Our results suggest that rotation and tillage significantly affect earthworm population density and biomass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050563
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presynaptic depolarization in myelinated vagal afferent fibres terminating in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius in the cat (1986)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 406 (1986), S. 12-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Slowly adapting lung stretch receptor afferents ; Aortic baroreceptor afferents ; Presynaptic depolarization ; Neural control of respiration ; Neural control of circulation ; Nuclei of the solitary tract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The presynaptic influences that act on terminals of slowly adapting lung stretch receptor afferents and aortic baroreceptor afferents within the nucleus of the solitary tract were assessed using intracellular recording and antidromic stimulation techniques. Central respiratory influences on the axcitability of lung stretch receptor terminals were observed in 29% (4 of 14) of measurements. These were confirmed in intracellular recordings where membrane depolarizations in synchrony with phrenic nerve discharge were seen in 17% (4 of 24) of fibres. In three cases membrane depolarization also occurred synchronously with artificial lung inflation. Neither tests of excitability nor intracellular recording revealed any evidence for equivalent presynaptic influences on 16 myelinated aortic baroreceptor terminals. Stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve evoked depolarizations in 50% (7 of 14) of lung stretch receptor terminals. These took the form of complex waves of depolarization with both short (3–8 ms) and long latency (27–35 ms) components. The amplitude of the long latency response increased during the period of phrenic nerve discharge, i.e. during “central inspiration”. These effects are discussed in relation to the central respiratory influences on both respiratory and cardiovascular reflexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582946
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a monosynaptic connection between slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and inspiratory beta neurones (1984)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 402 (1984), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Inspiratory neurones ; Slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors ; Spike triggered averaging ; Neural control of respiration ; Connectivity of respiratory neurones ; Nuclei of the tractus solitarius ; Hering-Breuer reflex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The synaptic connection between slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and inspiratory neurones within a region ventral to the tractus solitarius was determined using intracellular recording and spike triggered averaging techniques. When the vagus nerve was stimulated at intensities eliciting a Hering-Breuer reflex, the difference in mean latency between centrally recorded action potentials of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and e.p.s.p.s of inspiratory beta neurones was 0.2 ms. This difference is indicative of a monosynaptic connection. Extracellular single unit spikes of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors recorded from the nodose ganglion were used to trigger the averaging of synaptic noise recorded from inspiratory neurones. A prominent wave of synaptic depolarization was observed in all inspiratory beta neurones even when a small number of sweeps were averaged. This depolarization was absent from inspiratory alpha neurones. The shape indices of these depolarizations are consistent with a monosynaptic connection between slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and inspiratory beta neurones. In addition, the data raise the possibility that this connection is multiple and distributed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583324
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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