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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schizophrenie ; Typische Antipsychotika ; Atypische Antipsychotika ; Umstellung ; Keywords Schizophrenia ; Conventional antipsychotics ; Atypical antipsychotics ; Conversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The introduction of atypical antipsychotics has presented new options for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenic patients. It is assumed that in the near future, neuroleptic medication will shift from conventional to atypical antipsychotics for an increasing number of patients. The present article addresses guidelines for the conversion from conventional to atypical neuroleptics in inpatient and outpatient settings.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit der Einführung der atypischen Antipsychotika haben sich neue Möglichkeiten in der pharmakotherapeutischen Behandlung schizophrener Patienten ergeben. Es ist anzunehmen, dass in den folgenden Jahren viele weitere Patienten von typischen auf atypische Präparate umgestellt werden. Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit stationären und ambulanten Richtlinien zur Umstellung von typischen Neuroleptika auf atypische Antipsychotika. Diskutiert werden Möglichkeiten der Identifizierung geeigneter Kandidaten, Empfehlungen bei der Auswahl des atypischen Antipsychotikums und praktische Vorgehensweisen bei der Umstellung. Ergänzend werden Dosierungsrichtlinien der einzelnen atypischen Antipsychotika, mögliche Entzugssyndrome und andere Komplikationen des Präparatewechsels sowie substanzspezifische Aspekte der Umstellung dargestellt. Ein letztes Kapitel befasst sich mit den notwendigen psychotherapeutischen Interventionen, die im Rahmen einer Umstellung der antipsychotischen Medikation beachtet werden sollten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Ozone ; Phosphatidylcholine synthesis ; Alveolar type II cells ; Pulmonary surfactant ; Rat lung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis by alveolar type II cells, as an indicator for the production of pulmonary surfactant, was studied after a 4-h exposure of rats to 4 mg ozone/m3 (2 ppm). Lung ravage fluid analysis after exposure revealed significant increases in proteins, which is indicative for pulmonary injury. When type II cells were isolated immediately and thereafter cultured for 20 h, the rate of PC synthesis in cells derived from ozone-exposed rats was not significantly different from that in cells from unexposed controls. Yet, a decreased rate of PC synthesis was observed when these cells were subsequently exposed to ozone in vitro. The activity of the enzyme glycerolphosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) was slightly enhanced in cultured type II cells isolated from ozone-exposed rats, while the lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) activity was unchanged. However, ozone exposure of rats did result in a significant decrease of PC synthesis when measured in freshly prepared type II cell suspensions, although both GPAT and LPCAT activities were not affected. It is concluded that a decrease in pulmonary surfactant related PC synthesis after ozone exposure of rats can be demonstrated in freshly isolated type II pneumocytes. Cultured type II cells from exposed rats lack this effect and are therefore less useful to study changes in phospholipid biosynthesis after in vivo ozone exposure. The data on in vitro ozone exposure of cultured type II cells, however, support the view that ozone may impair pulmonary surfactant production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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