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  • BPDS  (2)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Peptides ; Coexistence ; Nucleus tractussolitarii ; Ventral medulla ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The medulla oblongata and pons of colchicine treated rats were analyzed with a doublestaining technique using mouse monoclonal antibodies to somatostatin and rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against methionine-enkephalin. Numerous cells reacted with both antisera but cells reacting with only one antiserum were also observed. Double-stained cells were most frequently encountered at all levels of the nucleus tractus solitarii, in a well defined group in the caudal medullary reticular formation, along the lateral ventral surface of the medulla oblongata, dorsolateral to the inferior olive and in the nucleus raphe magnus. These findings provide further examples of coexistence of two peptides and indicate the possibility that somatostatin-and enkephalin-like peptides are co-released.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dorsal root ganglia ; Neuropeptides ; Coexistence ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By use of the indirect immunofluorescence technique the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity (LI) has been analyzed in cervical and lumbar dorsal root ganglia of untreated and colchicine-treated rats. In addition, lumbar ganglia were examined 2 weeks after transection of the sciatic nerve. The occurrence of CGRP-positive cells in relation to ganglion cells containing substance P-, somatostatin-, galanin-, cholecystokinin (CCK)-, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)/peptide histidine isoleucin (PHI)-LI has been evaluated on consecutive sections as well as using elution-restaining and double-staining techniques. CGRP-LI was observed in many ganglion cells of all sizes ranging in diameter from 15 μm to 65 μm. Thus, this peptide occurs also in the large primary sensory neurons. In contrast to the sensory peptides described to date, CGRP-positive cells constituted up to 50% of all and 70% of the medium-sized neurons, thus being the most frequently occurring peptide in sensory neurons so far encountered. Subpulations of CGRP-positive neurons were shown to contain substance P-, somatostatin-, or galanin-LI and some CGRP-positive neurons contained both substance P- and galanin-LI. In fact, most substance P-, somatostatin- and galanin-positive cell bodies were CGRP-immunoreactive. The coexistence analysis further revealed that galanin and substance P often coexisted and that some cells contained both substance P- and somatostatin-LI, whereas no coexistence between galanin and somatostatin has as yet been seen. VIP/PHI-LI was only shown in a few cells in untreated or colchicine-treated rats. However, after transcetion of the sciatic nerve numerous VIP/PHI-positive cells were observed, some of which also contained CGRP-LI. The present results indicate that a CGRP-like peptide is present in a wide range of primary sensory neurons probably not related to specific sensory modalities. Often this peptide coexists with other biologically active peptides. Taken together these findings suggest that CGRP may have a generalized function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 130 (1991), S. 87-92 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: BPDS ; Cucumis melo L. ; EDDHA ; ferric reduction ; iron efficient ; iron inefficient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A mutant muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) with characteristic Fe-deficiency chlorosis symptoms was compared to related cultivars in its ability to obtain Fe via the widely known Fe-stress response mechanisms of dicotyledonous plants. The three cultivars (fefe, the ‘Fe-inefficient’ mutant; Mainstream and Edisto, both ‘Fe efficient’ plants) were grown in nutrient solution in either 0 or 3.5 mg L-1 Fe as FeCl3. None of the three cultivars released ‘reductants’ or ‘phytosiderophores’, but both Edisto and Mainstream produced massive amounts of H+ ions to reduce and maintain the pH of nutrient solutions below pH 4.0. The roots of these two Fe-efficient cultivars were also capable of reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+. These responses maintained green plants, resulted in high leaf Fe in both Edisto and Mainstream, and produced Mn toxicity in Mainstream. The lack of Fe-deficiency stress response in fefe not only affected leaf Fe concentration and chlorosis, but also resulted in reduced uptake of Mn. The importance of reduced Fe (Fe2+) to the Fe-efficient cultivars was confirmed by growing the cultivars with BPDS (4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline disulfonic acid, a ferrous chelator) and EDDHA [ethylene-diamine di (0-hydroxphenylacetic acid)] (a ferric chelator), and observing increased chlorosis and reduced Fe uptake in BPDS grown plants. The Fe-deficiency response observed in these cultivars points out the diversity of responses to Fe deficiency stress in plants. The fefe mutant has a limited ability to absorb Fe and Mn and perhaps could be used to better understand Mn uptake in plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 130 (1991), S. 165-172 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Avena byzantina C. Koch. ; BPDS ; corn ; EDDHA ; grasses ; iron-efficient ; iron-inefficient ; oats ; reduction ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Iron-efficient (WF9 corn and Coker 227 oat) and Fe-inefficient (ys1 corn and TAM 0–312 oat) cultivars were comparatively tested for their response to Fe-deficiency stress induced by the use of either ferrous or ferric chelators. Corn and oats were grown in 20 μM Fe with 0, 60, and 120 μM BPDS and 40 μM Fe with 0, 120, and 240 μM BPDS and 20 μM Fe with 0 and 40 μM EDDHA. All four cultivars tested, both Fe-efficient and Fe-inefficient, continuously reduced Fe3+ to Fe2+ at a low level as evidenced by the production of Fe2+ (BPDS)3 in test nutrient solutions over time. Severity of chlorosis increased as more BPDS was added to the nutrient solutions for both WF9 and ys1 corn, but unlike corn, Coker 227 and TAM 0-312 oats were both able to obtain Fe from the Fe2+ (BPDS)3 complex and were less chlorotic as a result. In short-term (4-hour) in vivo measurements, iron-stressed WF9 (Fe-efficient) corn reduced more Fe3+ to Fe2+ than similarly stressed ys1 corn, Coker 227 oat or TAM 0-312 oat. Thus, at the same time that Fe-efficient WF9 corn reduces more Fe than the other cultivars, it is also unable to compete with BPDS for that Fe in the nutrient solution. These differences coupled with the observation that only Coker 227 oat produced measureable iron solubilizing substances (phytosiderophores) suggest that these two species differ in their mechanisms for obtaining Fe during Fe-deficiency stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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