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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Epilepsy ; Calcium antagonists ; Verapamil ; Flunarizine ; Neocortex
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Effects of the organic calcium antagonists verapamil and flunarizine on pentylenetetrazol induced paroxysmal depolarizations were tested in organotypic neocortical explants taken from neonatal rats. In these in vitro experiments the papaverin derivative verapamil depressed, and finally abolished, epileptic discharges in all cases. The piperazine derivative flunarizine, however, which is known to suppress epileptic discharges in hippocampal CA3 neurons (Bingmann and Speckmann 1986), showed no significant antiepileptic effects in the explanted neocortical neurons. Thus, the present findings may indicate that the suppressive action of flunarizine on the generation of paroxysmal depolarizations is restricted to distinct populations of neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Organic calcium antagonists ; Flunarizine ; Verapamil ; Epileptic discharges ; CA3 neurones in hippocampal slices
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Antiepileptic actions of the organic calcium antagonists flunarizine (cinnarizine derivate) and verapamil (papaverin derivat) on pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptic bioelectric activity were tested in CA3 neurones of hippocampal slices. In all experiments both calcium antagonists reduced the amplitudes and/or durations of paroxysmal depolarizations as well as their rate of occurrence, when the bath concentrations of flunarizine or verapamil exceeded 20 μmol/l. When they were added to the bath solution before pentylenetetrazol application, recordings of the resting membrane potential, of the membrane resistance, of action potentials and of spontaneous as well as of evoked excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials gave no indication that the antiepileptic effects of these drugs are due to unspecific depressive actions on neuronal excitability or spread of excitation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 79 (1994), S. 376-384 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Verapamil ; Calcium channel blockers Epilepsy ; Hippocampus ; Guinea pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of the present study was to test whether the organic calcium channel blocker verapamil acts not only on spontaneously occurring epileptiform field potentials (EFP) but also on EFP triggered by single electrical stimuli in the low-Mg2+ epilepsy model. The experiments were carried out on hippocampal slices of guinea pigs. EFP were elicited by omission of Mg2+ from the perfusate and recorded from stratum pyramidale and stratum radiatum in the CA1 subfield. Single electrical stimuli were applied to the Schaffer collateral pathway. Verapamil was added to the bath solution in concentrations of 40 and 60 μmol verapamil/1 at normal (4 mmol/l) and elevated (8 mmol/1) K+ levels. After omission of Mg2+ from the perfusate, spontaneously occurring EFP appeared in all trials. These spontaneously occurring EFP were suppressed dose-dependently upon addition of verapamil to the perfusate. At elevated K+ levels, the latencies to suppression were significantly reduced and the dose dependency was abolished for the two doses of verapamil used. Triggered EFP reappeared upon stimulation after spontaneously occurring EFP had been suppressed, except for trials with 60 /gmmol verapamil/1 bath solution with elevated K+ levels. The stimulus-evoked EFP were abolished with continuing perfusion of verapamil except for trials with 40 μmol/1 at normal extracellular K+ concentrations. This effect was again dose dependent and enhanced by elevating the K+ level. In all experiments, stimulus-evoked EFP reappeared upon wash-out of verapamil. A primary action of verapamil on pacemaker functions in epileptogenic tissue is assumed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 310 (1969), S. 235-250 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): DC Potentials ; AC Potentials ; Postsynaptic Potentials ; Respiration ; Gas Tensions in Blood and Tissue ; Bestandpotentiale ; corticale Wechselspannungen ; postsynaptische Potentiale ; Atmung ; Blut- und Gewebsgasdrucke
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Verschiebungen des corticalen Bestandpotentials (Gleichspannungskomponente; DC-Potential) bei Veränderungen des Atemminutenvolumens (AMV) wurden an narkotisierten Ratten untersucht. Die Versuche ergaben: 1. Eine Verminderung des AMV führt zu einer Positivierung, eine Erhöhung umgekehrt zu einer Negativierung der Hirnrinde gegenüber dem Ausgangsniveau. In einem größeren Bereich von Δ AMV zeigen die ausgelösten Gleichspannungs-verlagerungen eine lineare Korrelation zum pH und zum Logarithmus despCO2. Die gleichzeitig auftretenden Schwankungen des corticalenpO2 werden erst wirksam, wenn sie einen kritischen Grenzwert unter-oder überschreiten. In diesem Fall rufen sie negative DC-Verlagerungen hervor, die mit den CO2-bzw. pH-Effekten interferieren. 2. Die Gleichspannungsverschiebungen bei Änderungen des AMV sind mit typischen Reaktionen spontaner und ausgelöster EEG-Wellen gekoppelt. Ferner gehen sie mit Schwankungen des Membranpotentials und der excitatorischen postsynaptischen Potentiale (EPSP) spinaler und corticaler Neurone einher. So zeigt die Mehrzahl corticaler und lumbaler Einheiten bei einer Positivierung der Hirnrinde durch Verminderung des AMV eine Hyperpolarisation und eine Verkleinerung der EPSP. 3. Die Untersuchungen erlauben den Schluß, daß die DC-Verschiebungen bei Schwankungen des AMV grundsätzlich auf neuronale Aktivitätsveränderungen zurückgeführt werden können. Die mögliche Beteiligung anderer Potentialquellen wird diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary The shifts of the cortical steady potential (DC-component) associated with changes of the ventilation rate (VR) were studied in anesthetized rats. The following results have been obtained: 1. A decrease of VR releases a surface-positive DC displacement, and vice versa. The voltage of the evoked DC shifts is linearly related to the pH and to the logpCO2. Within a medium range, simultaneously occuring fluctuations of the corticalpO2 prove ineffective. However, if they exceed a critical lower and upper level they give rise to surface-negative DC responses which interfere with the actions of thepCO2 and pH, respectively. 2. The induced DC shifts are associated with typical alterations of both spontaneous and evoked EEG waves. They coincide, furthermore, with changes of the membrane potential and of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) in single spinal and cortical neurons. Thus, the positive DC deflection during hypoventilation is accompanied by a moderate hyperpolarisation and by a depression of both mono- and polysynaptic EPSPs in the majority of cortical and lumbar units. 3. The present findings allow to conclude that neuronal membrane potentials may contribute, in principal, to the observed DC shifts. The possible participation of other generator structures is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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