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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: gp120 ; AIDS-HIV-1 vaccine ; alum adjuvant ; aluminum hydroxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The characterization of recombinant MN gp120/alum vaccine requires the study of the gp120-alum interaction for the successful formulation of an alum-based HIV-1 vaccine. Methods. Several observations suggest that the gpl20-alum interaction is weak, wherein buffer counterions such as phosphate, sulfate, bicarbonate may cause the desorption of gp120 from alum. Comparison of gp120 with other proteins using particle mobility measurements shows that the weak binding of gp120 to alum is not an anomaly. Serum and plasma also cause desorption of gp120 from alum with a half-life of only a few minutes, wherein this half-life may be faster than the in-vivo recruitment of antigen presenting cells to the site of immunization. Results. Immunization of guinea pigs, rabbits and baboons with gp120 formulated in alum or saline demonstrated that alum provides adjuvant activity for gp120, particularly after early immunizations, but the adjuvant effect is attenuated after several boosts. Conclusions. These observations indicate that both the antigen and the adjuvant require optimization together.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 520-524 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: bacillus subtilis ; plasmid ; continuous culture ; CAT ; recombinant cultures ; acid formation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The feasibility of continuous production of proteins in chemostat cultures of Bacillus subtilis was investigated. An expression system consisting of the bacterium B. subtilis BR151 carrying plasmid p602/19 was used. The plasmid contains the cat (chioramphenicol acetyltrans-ferase) gene downstream of a strong vegetative T5 promoter. It was found that, at a dilution rate of 0.2 h-1 production of relatively high levels of CAT protein (about 4% ofcellular protein) can be sustained. But, experiments at a higher dilution rate of 0.4 h-1 were unproductive because of high acidformation and washout. Combination of low cell yield, which results from excessive acid formation, and low dilution rate led to a low volumetric CAT productivity. Our recent work with the nonrecombinant cells, has demonstrated that uptake of small amounts of citrate significantly reduces or entirelyeliminates the acid formation. This superior performance in the presence ofcitrate was hypothesized, based on strong experimental evidence, to be the result of a reduction in glycolysis flux through a sequence of events leading to a reduction in pyruvate kinase and phosphof- ructokinase activities, the regulatory enzymes of glycol-ysis. In this study, it is demonstrated that cofeeding of glucose and citrate substantially reduces theorganic acid formation and significantly increases the recombinant culture productivity. The combination of high specific CAT activity and cell density resulted in a total of six- to tenfold higher culture productivitywhen citrate and glucose were cometabolized than when glucose was the only carbon source. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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