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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 53-65 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new type of reactor, an attrition bioreactor, was tested to achieve a higher rate and extent of enzymatic saccharification of cellulose than is possible with conventional methods. The reactor consisted of a jacketted stainless-steel vessel with shaft, stirrer, and milling media, which combined the effect of the mechanical action of wet milling with cellulose hydrolysis. The substrates tested were newsprint and white-pine heartwood. The performance of the reactor was excellent. The extent and rate of enzymatic hydrolysis could be markedly improved over other methods. The power consumption of the attrition bioreactor was also measured. The cellulase enzyme deactivation during attrition milling was not significant.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 497-511 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model for glucose-to-ethanol fermentation at high yeast cell concentrations was developed. The feasibility of improving fermenter productivity over that of a conventional continuous-stirred-tank fermenter by using multiple stage reactors and yeast cell recycling was predicted by computer simulation. The optimum size distribution for multistage fermentors was obtained for different glucose feedstream concentrations and different glucose conversion levels. Productivity increases over a single-stage reactor ranged from 1.2-2.0 times. The use of yeast cell recycling to increase cell concentration and productivity increases of over 4.0 times that of a system without recycling.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 2 (1984), S. 237-242 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Heart ; Feulgen-DNA ; Azure B-RNA ; microdensitometry ; soman toxicity ; cardiac muscle ; cytochemistry ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Myocardial nucleic acid responses were analysed in New Zealand White rabbits 20 min-1 h and 6-8 h following single subcutaneous injections of soman (20, 30, or 40 μg kg-1). Scanning-integrating microdensitometry was used to quantify Azure B-RNA and Feulgen-DNA (F-DNA) levels, and changes in the suseptibility of chromatin to Feulgen acid hydrolysis (F-DNA reactivity) of individual ventricular myocardial cells. With a dosage of 20 μg kg-1 soman, no RNA alterations were evidenced at 1 h whereas at 6-8 h myocardial cells exhibited higher RNA levels and an increase in F-DNA reactivity of chromatin. With dosages of 30 and 40 μg kg-1 soman there was an augmentation in RNA levels and in the acid hydrolysability of nuclear chromatin at both 20 min-1 h and 6-8 h. It is postulated that the observed cellular transformations represent a compensatory augmentation in myocardial metabolic functioning presumably in response to an increased functional demand on the ventricular myocardium. The absence of cytopathic or cytochemical evidence of impairment in nucleic acid metabolism is inconsistent with the premise that soman exerts direct cytotoxic effects on rabbit myocardium.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 659-669 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A continuous process involving simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of liquefied starch has been developed using Zymomonas mobilis. Amyloglucosidase retention and cell recycle have been effected by using an Amicon hollow-fiber membrane system with a MW cutoff of 5000. Relatively high productivities of up to 60 g L-1 h-1 have been achieved at ethanol concentrations of 60-65 g/L. The system also offers the potential for reduced enzyme requirements for saccharification.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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