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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the porous teflon tubing method to measure gaseous or valatile substances dissolved in fermentation liquids (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 1671-1676 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210912
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelationship among specific rates of cell growth, substrate consumption, and metabolite formation in some simple microbial reactions producing primary metabolites (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1373-1387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Applying the carbon balance principle, the interrelationship between ν = μ/Y + m (μ is the specific growth rate of microorganism, v is the specific substrate consumption rate) and π = Aμ B (Luedeking-Piret eqyuation, π is the specific metabolite formation rate) has been established for three types of simple microbial reactions. Equations for the kinetic parameters A and B have been proposed for each of the three types of microbial reactions, Expresses in terms of γx, γs and γp (carbon contents of dry cell, mass, major carbon energy source, and metabolite) as well as the parameters Y and m. Values of both A and B calculated from the proposed equations were compared with their experimental data for lactic acid fragmentation, aerobic SCP production, and alcohol fermentation. The estimated values agreed with the observed ones with reasonably small deviations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230616
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of batch culture of a recombinant bacillus brevis excreting a foreign esterase (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1247-1252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: batch culture ; Bacillus brevis ; esterase ; host-vector system ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The productivity of extracellular enzyme was evaluated in batch culture using a protein hyperexcreting host, Bacillus brevis HPD315 harboring pHSC131, which carried a gene (est) encoding esterase activity from Bacillus stearother mophilus. Optimum temperature and pH for the bacterial growth and the production of extracellular esterase were found to be 35°C and pH 6.5, by using the standard medium (GPY) containing neomycin as a selective pressure, Under the cultivation condition employed, cell growth reached 5 g dry cell weight/L, while the extracellular esterase activity amounted to 4.5 U/mL. Most (79%-92%) of the esterase produced was excreted into the medium. pHSC131 was stably retained in the host cell during cultivation in the presence of neomycin. However, in the absence of neomycin, the plasmid was completely lost from the host after 12-h cultivation accompanied by decreases in both esterase activity and production of total extracellular protein. The copy number of the plasmid was estimated to be approximately 7 throughout the cultivation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the excreted proteins showed the presence of a protein having an apparent molecular weight of 32,000, which equals to the value predicted from the DNA sequence of the est gene.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260381018
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield of poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate from various carbon sources: A theoretical study (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 165-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) ; theoretical yield ; overall yield ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The theoretical yield of poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has been estimated from the biochemical pathway leading to PHB when a carbohydrate (glucose), a C1 compound (methanol), a C2 compound (acetic acid), or a C4 compound (butyric acid) is used as a carbon source. In estimating the yield, recycling (or regeneration) of NADP+/ (NADPH + H+) and NAD+ /(NADH + H+) have been taken into account. A special emphasis is made on te regeneration of NADPH, which is the coenzyme of acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, one of three key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of PHB. As a NADPH-regenerating enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or isocitrate dehydrogenase is conceived. An equation which predicts the overall yield of PHB when non-PHB residual biomass is actually formed has been derived as a function of both the theoretical yield and PHB content of the dry cell mass. The ratio of the overall yield to the theoretical yield is roughly proportional to the PHB content. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410122
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A facile transphosphatidylation reaction using a culture supernatant of actinomycetes directly as a phospholipase D catalyst with a chelating agent (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 1193-1198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: phospholipase D ; phospholipids ; actinomycetes ; selectivity ; transphosphatidylation ; chelating agent ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An attempt was made to use the phospholipase D (PLD)- containing culture supernatants of actinomycetes directly as catalysts for the transphosphatidylation reaction of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in a biphasic system. Of the five actinomycetes (three Streptomyces sp. and two Streptoverticillium sp.) examined, three (St. mediocidicus, Stv. cinnamoneum and Stv. hachijoense) exhibited good PLD production performance, but the selectivity (ratio of transphosphatidylation to hydrolysis) of the PLDs in the culture supernatant of all three actinomycetes were significantly low. However, the addition of EDTA to the reaction mixture as a chelating agent remarkably improved the selectivity of the PLDs, which approached 100% in all the culture supernatants. Commercially available PLDs were also investigated and classified into two types. The PLDs of one type had high selectivity and no metal was required for the enzyme activity, while those of the other type showed low selectivity and a metal was necessary for the enzyme to be activated. From this finding, it was considered that the culture supernatants used in this study contained several PLDs of both types. When the chelating agent was added to the reaction mixture, the hydrolysis due to PLDs with low selectivity was suppressed by removal of the essential metal, resulting in an increased in the overall selectivity of the PLDs in the culture supernatant. Repeated batch transphosphatidylation reactions were performed 20 times, reusing the PLDs in the aqueous phase by centrifugation; the reaction rate gradually decreased to 60% of that of batch 1 by batch 20. This suggests that the transphosphatidylation reaction using a culture supernatant has potential for industrial application. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260441006
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrocarbon uptake by microorganisms - a supplementary study (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 691-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130509
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of uptake of liquid hydrocarbons by microorganisms (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 215-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth rates of Candida tropicalis were studied in two different fermentors. One was the ordinary shaker flask containing both the aqueous culture medium and liquid hydrocarbons. The other was a specially designed rotating disk-type fermentor containing only the aqueous culture medium, into which vapors of n-paraffins from C6 to C18 were supplied continuously without forming the liquid hydrocarbon phase. The specific growth rates of Candida tropicalis in the rotating disk fermentor, under such conditions that supply of hydrocarbon vapor was sufficient, showed good agreement with those in the shaker flask. This seems to indicate that hydrocarbon uptake by Candida tropicals by direct contact with liquid hydrocarbon is negligible.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid bioconversion in water-insoluble organic solvents: Δ1-Dehydrogenation by free microbial cells and by cells entrapped in hydrophilic or lipophilic gels (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 2133-2145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A cell suspension in a water-insoluble organic solvent (benzene: n-heptane, 1 : 1 by volume) of Nocardia rhodocrous (previously induced to synthesize steroid Δ1dehydrogenase) rapidly catalyzed the stoichiometric oxidation of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-AD) to androst-l,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) in the presence of phenazine methosulfate (PMS). High levels of 4-AD or PMS reduced the conversion rates. No appreciable decrease in the conversion rate was observed on adding aqueous buffer solution to the thawed ceils (up to 9.4 g water/g dry cell). The whole cells were immobilized by entrapment in a hydrophilic gel (H-gel) or a lipophilic gel (L-gel) by use of a water-soluble or water-insoluble photocrosslinkable prepolymer. The reticula of H- and L-gel matrices were impregnated with water and organic solvent, respectively. Both the H- and L-gels could convert 4-AD to ADD in the presence of PMS, the L-gel showing a slightly higher conversion rate. Various lines of evidence indicate that the limiting factor is the penetration rate of 4-AD into gel particles for the H-gel, and the penetration rate of PMS for the L-gel. The catalytic activities decreased considerably after several successive runs with the free cell suspension system, while the immobilized cells were more stable, the stability of H-gel and L-gel being almost the same.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260211117
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The minimum-sized ideal reactor for continuous alcohol fermentation using immobilized microorganism (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2731-2737 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260241211
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic supplementation of minerals in fed-batch culture to high cell mass concentration (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 192-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Automatic constant-value control of mineral ions was attempted in semibatch culture of high cell mass concentration (more than 150 g dry cell/L) with ethanol and ammonia feeds. Equations were derived from the mass balance principle to calculate the required concentration of each mineral ion in the mineral feed solution, taking into account both the decrease in the volume of the culture supernatant as a proportion of the whole culture broth and the increase in the volume of the whole culture broth during the cultivation. The mineral solution was supplied automatically, linked either with ethanol feed or ammonia water feed. The actual concentrations of mineral ions could be kept within small variations. To adjust the supplementation in accordance with the culture change from oxygen sufficiency (early growth phase) to oxygen deficiency (later growth phase), the concentration of each mineral ion was altered stepwise when the dissolved oxygen concentration fell to zero. The mineral supplementation gave better results coupled with ethanol feed than with ammonia feed. The mineral ions studied were K+, Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, NH+4, PO43- and SO42-.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270215
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