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  • Bismuth-binding to kidney proteins  (1)
  • Mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acid excretion kinetics  (1)
  • Phenylglyoxylic acid  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 61 (1988), S. 107-113 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acid excretion kinetics ; Styrene accumulation ; Styrene industrial exposure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The excretion kinetics of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids investigated over three subsequent days after cessation of styrene inhalation could be expressed by biphasic functions, similar for both metabolities; the half-times for the first and the second phases were 2.5 and 30 h, respectively. The possibility of styrene accumulation in exposure repeated daily was assessed by kinetic modelling; it appears negligible if measurements are based on urine samples collected at the end of the working shift. The above contention has been examined in workers exposed to styrene in the polyester industry: concentrations of styrene in air monitored continuously varied from 26 to 130 mg/m3. The relationship between styrene concentration and rate of urinary excretion of the total amount of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids was rectilinear and demonstrated a reasonable agreement between experimental and industrial data. The trends of concentrations within the day and week gave no indication of substantial styrene cumulation under repeated industrial exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 57 (1985), S. 57-69 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Styrene ; Mandelic acid ; Phenylglyoxylic acid ; Inhalation exposure ; Exposure test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Volunteers (six men and one woman) were exposed by inhalation to styrene within the concentration range of 20 to 200 mg/m3. The average retention of styrene vapours in the respiratory tract was 71%. The yield of styrene metabolism measured within 24 h was 39 and 17% for mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid, respectively. The determination of mandelic acid in urine collected immediately after the exposure was applied as exposure test. The excretion rate of this metabolite assured the best correlation with the absorbed dose. The relative standard deviations of the test related to acutal dose level vary, depending on the analysed concentration range, from 0.21 to 0.33. Quantitative interpretation of the test is possible for styrene concentrations in the air exceeding 20 mg/m3. The concentration amounting to 100 mg/m3 (TI-V) corresponds with the mandelic acid excretion rate of 15 mg per hour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Bismuth-organ distribution ; Bismuth-binding to kidney proteins ; Selenite-effect on distribution and bismuth binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach einmaliger und wiederholter subkutaner Verabreichung wurde Wismut zu mehr als 50% der „erreichbaren Menge” in den Nieren gefunden. Es war dort vorwiegend in der löslichen Frakion und in großem Umfang an einen Eiweißstoff vom Molekulargewicht 7000 gebunden. Bei wiederholter erabreichung von Wismut wurde auch dieser Eiweißstoff vermehrt gefunden. Die gleichzeitige Verabreichung von Selen erhöhte die „verfügbare Menge” von Wismut, wahrscheinlich wegen eingeschränkter Ausscheidung. Zugleich wurden Unterschiede in der Organverteilung von Wismut festgestellt. Der Anteil in den Nieren wirde geringer und derjenige in Leber und sonstigen. Organen größer. Der Eiweißkomplex mit dem Molekulargewicht 7000 verschwand gänzlich. Die durch Wismut stimulierte Synthese dieses Eiweißstoffes wirde aber nicht ganz verhindert.
    Notes: Abstract Subcutaneous administration of bismuth, both single and multiple, resulted in deposition of this metal mainly in the kidneys which contained over 50% of the ‘accessible pool’ of bismuth. In the kidneys bismuth was bound mainly by the soluble fraction in which it was complexed with a protein of molecular weight of about 7000. Multiple administration of bismuth increased the level of this protein. Selenite administration brought about an increase in the ‘accessible pool’ of bismuth, probably due to a drop in excretion, and also changes in the organ distribution of this metal. The retention in the kidneys was diminished while those in the liver and in other tissues were augmented. These changes were accompanied by a change in the chemical form of bismuth present in the kidneys manifested by the total disappearance of the protein complex of molecular weight of 7000. The increased synthesis of this protein due to bismuth administration was not abolished completely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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