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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Omega-oxidized leukotriene B4 detected in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of patients with non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, but not in those with cardiogenic edema (1991)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 17 (1991), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Lung edema ; Acute respiratory distress syndrome ; Leukotrienes ; LTB4 ; Omega-oxidation products of LTB4 ; Broncho-alveolar lavage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Leukotriene (LT) generation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the acure respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS. In the present study, we analysed broncho-alveolar lavage fluids of patients on mechanical ventilation because of ARDS (17 samples taken from 9 patients) or because of cardiogenic edema (8 samples taken from 6 patients) and of healthy volunteers (10 samples from different donors). LTs were separated as methylated and non-methylated compounds using different HPLC procedures, and were identified by chromatographic mobility, on-line UV-spectrum analysis and post HPLC immunoreactivity. In the lavage samples of the healthy volunteers and the patients with cardiogenic edema, no LTs were detected by these technicues (detection limit≃0.1–0.2 ng/ml lavage fluid). By contrast, in 15 out of 17 samples from patients with ARDS LTB4 or its metabolites 20-OH-LTB4 and 20-COOH-LTB4 were detected. The endproduct of omega-oxidation, 20-COOH-LTB4, represented the quantitatively predominant compound, detected in the range of 0.3–2.6ng/ml perfusate. We conclude that the chemotactic agent LTB4 may be involved in the amplification of inflammatory events encountered in ARDS, and that the oxidized metabolites of LTB4 are particularly suitable for monitoring lung leukotriene generation under conditions of neutrophil efflux and oxidative stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01708400
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advantage of buffered solutions or automated capnometry in air-filled balloons for use in gastric tonometry (1997)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 23 (1997), S. 423-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Intramucosal pH ; Gastric tonometry ; Blood gas analyzer ; Automated capnometry ; Carbon dioxide ; Steady-state equilibration time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To test accuracy, reproducibility and time constants of pCO2 measurement with the tonometric technique, using different media for filling the silastic balloon (saline, phosphate buffer, citrate buffer, air) and employing different analyzer devices (ABL3, ABL330, Nova Stat 5, automated capnometry). Design: Comparative laboratory study of different tonometric techniques, measuring test solutions with known pCO2 values due to pre-equilibration with three different pCO2 concentrations. Setting: Clinical laboratory of a university hospital intensive care unit. Measurements and results: The use of saline, as suggested for routine tonometry, led to negative bias values throughout, i. e. underestimation of pCO2 values, the extent of which depended on the blood gas analyzer device employed. Registration of the equilibration kinetics showed that full equilibration demanded 90 min regardless of the environmental pCO2 level. Replacing saline by buffered electrolyte solutions resulted in a significant improvement of bias, but did not change the kinetics of pCO2 equilibration. The employment of air-filled balloons, combined with automated capnometry, led to very low bias values, approaching zero, for all pCO2 levels, along with excellent precision. Time constants of equilibration were dramatically reduced, with full equilibration being achieved within 12.5 min. Conclusions: Buffered electrolyte solutions are preferable to saline for achieving reliable pCO2 measurements in gastric tonometry. Air-filled balloons, combined with automated capnometry, present excellent accuracy and reproducibility together with short equilibration times, thus offering “on-line” monitoring of even rapid changes in environmental pCO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050351
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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