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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin and course of crossed medullary pathways to spinal sympathetic neurons in the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 515-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Medulla ; Spinal cord ; Vasomotor centre ; Cardiovascular control ; Crossed autonomic pathways
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In 12 chloralosed vagotomized cats medullary structures projecting to contralateral spinal sympathetic neurons were identified by activating fibre terminals in the intermediolateral nucleus (ILN) at functionally and histologically identified cardioacceleratory sites at the T2 level and exploring the contralateral medulla for antidromically evoked field potentials. 2. Evoked field potentials were recorded at 20 sites in 130 penetrations in the left medulla and at 14 sites in 70 penetrations in the right medulla; responses were recorded mainly from sites in the nucleus gigantocellularis, the nucleus paramedium reticularis and the nucleus lateralis reticularis. 3. In an additional 20 cats the pathways of crossed fibres from these nuclei to the ILN were identified by observing the effects on the evoked field potentials of surgical and electrolytic lesions in the medulla and spinal cord. Evoked potentials from the left nucleus gigantocellularis were abolished by a midline section in the caudal medulla, or by right medullary hemisection (5 mm caudal to the obex), or by transection of the right ventral funiculus (C6–C7). Potentials from the left nucleus paramedium reticularis were abolished by right medullary hemisection (5 mm caudal to the obex) or by transection of the right ventral funiculus (C5–C7). Potentials from the left nucleus lateralis reticularis were abolished by left spinal hemisection 2–3 mm rostral to the level of the stimulating electrode or by transection of either the left dorsolateral or the left ventral funiculus (C5–C7). 4. It is concluded that: a) spinal sympathetic neurons receive inputs from discrete nuclei in the contralateral medulla; b) autonomic fibres from the nucleus gigantocellularis and the nucleus paramedium reticularis to the contralateral ILN cross the midline in the caudal medulla and descend in the contralateral ventral funiculus; c) fibres from the nucleus lateralis reticularis descend in the ipsilateral dorsolateral and ventral funiculi and cross the midline in the spinal cord close to their level of termination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238017
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitatory and inhibitory inputs from medullary nuclei projecting to spinal cardioacceleratory neurons in the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 485-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Descending medullo-spinal pathways ; Cardiovascular control ; Medulla ; Spinal cord ; Vasomotor centre
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In chloralosed vagotomized cats medullary structures projecting to spinal (T2) sympathetic neurons were identified by activating fibre terminals in the intermediolateral nucleus (ILN) at functionally and histologically identified cardioacceleratory sites and exploring the ipsilateral medulla for evoked field and single unit potentials. 2. In 23 cats evoked field potentials with a mean latency of 1.5 msec were recorded at 264 sites in 216 penetrations in the right medulla and at 101 sites in 81 penetrations in the left medulla. These potentials followed stimulation at 300 Hz and persisted after asphyxia and administration of sodium pentobarbital. 3. In 7 cats single unit activity was recorded from 39 units which followed the stimulus at a constant short latency of activation (mean 1.7 msec), exhibited cancellation of antidromic with orthodromic spikes and fractionation at high frequencies, and responded to paired stimuli delivered at short intervals (mean minimum interval 1.27 msec, range 0.58–2.3 msec). 4. Stimulation of 79 sites at which evoked field potentials were recorded in the right medulla elicited cardioacceleration mainly from N. lateralis reticularis and N. parvocellularis, and cardiac slowing mainly from N. paramedium reticularis, raphe NN. and N. medullae oblongatae centralis subnucleus ventralis; stimulation of 101 sites in the left medulla changed heart rate at only 3 sites. 5. It is concluded that: a) medullary inputs to spinal sympathetic neurons arise from discrete nuclei; b) structures from which cardioacceleration and cardiac slowing were elicited provide excitatory and inhibitory inputs, respectively, to spinal cardioacceleratory neurons; c) the efferent limb of reflexes controlling heart rate appears to be localized mainly on the right side of the medulla; d) the vasomotor centre provides multiple excitatory and inhibitory inputs from specific reticular nuclei to the ILN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238015
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathways from medullary nuclei to spinal cardioacceleratory neurons in the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 505-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Medulla ; Spinal cord ; Cardiovascular control ; Vasomotor centre ; Central autonomic pathways
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In 15 chloralosed vagotomized cats medullary sites of origin of descending autonomic fibres projecting to spinal sympathetic neurons were identified by activating fibre terminals in the intermediolateral nucleus (ILN) at histologically and functionally identified cardioacceleratory sites on the right side of spinal segment T2 and exploring the ipsilateral medulla for antidromically evoked field potentials. The cardiovascular function of positive sites of recording was then determined by observing the effects on heart rate and arterial pressure of electrical stimulation of these sites. Finally, precise localization of spinal pathways of descending fibres from these sites was determined by observing the effects on the medullary field potentials of restricted, histologically identified surgical or electrolytic lesions in spinal segments C5–C7. 2. Evoked field potentials recorded at 10 medullary sites from which electrical stimulation elicited cardiac slowing were eliminated by selective lesion of either the ventral (8 animals) or the dorsolateral funiculus (2 animals). Evoked field potentials at five medullary sites from which stimulation elicited cardioacceleration were eliminated by lesion of the dorsolateral funiculus. 3. Transection of the right dorsolateral funiculus in eight animals caused a decrease in heart rate and in arterial pressure; transection of the right ventral funiculus in 12 animals caused no change in heart rate or arterial pressure. 4. It is concluded that: a) inhibitory fibres from medullary nuclei to ipsilateral spinal Cardioacceleratory neurons descend in the dorsolateral and ventral funiculi of the cervical spinal cord; b) excitatory fibres descend in the ipsilateral dorsolateral funiculus; c) excitatory, but not inhibitory, medullary fibres projecting to cardioacceleratory and vasoconstrictor neurons in the ILN are tonically active in the chloralosed cat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238016
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatio-temporal processing in multiple sclerosis (1984)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 56 (1984), S. 243-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: multiple sclerosis ; spatio-temporal processing ; contrast sensitivity ; temporal integration ; evoked potentials ; visual masking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The processing of spatial and temporal detail was investigated in patients with multiple sclerosis. Normal observers and 13 patients with optic neuritis secondary to multiple sclerosis performed a battery of visual tests that included contrast sensitivity, temporal integration, evoked potentials, and visual masking. The multiple sclerosis patients exhibited losses of pattern processing, and these deficits became more noticeable when the patterns were presented briefly. Moreover, these patients exhibited diverse response patterns for the different visual tests. For some, temporal integration functions appeared severely attenuated, while evoked potential latency was within normal limits. Others displayed poor performance in the visual masking test, yet contrast sensitivity functions were comparable to those of the control group. We suggest that a battery of tests that incorporates spatial as well as temporal stimuli is necessary for the detection of visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00159076
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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