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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the fine structure of the substantia nigra in the cat (1970)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 11 (1970), S. 229-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Substantia nigra ; Cat ; Normal ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A light and electron microscopical investigation has been undertaken of the substantia nigra in the normal cat. The pars reticulata partly contains the arborization of dendrites whose cell bodies are located in the so-called pars compacta. There is a considerable overlap of the dendritic fields in the rostrocaudal direction, while the dendritic fields are very restricted in the mediolateral extension of the substantia nigra. The secondary and all subsequent branches of the dendrites of nigral cells are for considerable distances completely covered by boutons. Only few boutons contact the cell bodies. Three types of boutons are distinguished in the substantia nigra in the cat. Type I, about 90 % of the total, is of the terminal type, contains pleomorphic vesicles and establishes symmetrical synapses with nigral cell soma, dendritic trunks and spines. The type II bouton (about 10 % of the total number) is most commonly of the terminal type, contains spherical vesicles and establishes asymmetrical synapses with cell bodies and dendritic trunks of nigral cells. The type III bouton (about 2 % of the boutons) is always of the en passage type, contains pleomorphic vesicles and establishes symmetrical contacts with dendrites. All boutons in the cat's substantia nigra contain several large (700–1200 Å) dense core vesicles. Occasional axo-axonic contacts between type I and type III boutons are observed. Type I bouton is invariably presynaptic to the other. The findings are discussed in relation to some relevant problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474384
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental electron microscopic study on the striatonigral projection in the cat (1970)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 11 (1970), S. 249-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Substantia nigra ; Striatonigral fibers ; Cat ; Degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the cat's substantia nigra was investigated from 2–21 days following large lesions of the caudate nucleus and the putamen. From 4 days on a large number of degenerating boutons and degenerating unmyelinated fibers are seen in the substantia nigra, in the pars compacta as well as the pars reticulata. Both parts, mainly the latter, receive striatal afferents. The degeneration in the substantia nigra following striatal lesions is of the dark type. Most of the degenerating boutons apparently are of the type I (see Rinvik and Grofová, 1970) and end on all parts of the nigral cell surface, including the dendritic spines. One instance of a degenerating presynaptic bouton in an axo-axonic synapse has been found. Some degenerating boutons also probably belong to the type II bouton, while degenerating boutons of type III were never seen following the striatal lesions. The electron microscopic identification of early axonal degeneration in the central nervous system, is discussed with reference to the paper of Cohen and Pappas (1969). Problems concerning the pars compacta versus the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra are taken up. The possible sources of origin of the different types of boutons in the cat's substantia nigra, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474385
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The corticothalamic projection from the gyrus proreus and the medial wall of the rostral hemisphere in the cat an experimental study with silver impregnation methods (1968)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 5 (1968), S. 129-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex ; Thalamus ; Cat ; Nauta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The corticothalamic projections from the gyrus proreus and the medial wall of the rostral hemisphere have been studied in the cat with the silver method of Nauta. The gyrus proreus projects upon the following nuclei (for abbreviations, see list on page 133), ipsilateral R, VA, VM, VL, MD, Pc, CL, CM, Pf, VPM, VPMpc. VPI and to the contralateral principal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. The medial wall of the rostral hemisphere projects bilaterally upon R, VA, VM, VL, MD, Pc, CL, CM, Pf, VPM, VPMpc, VPI, VPL, the dorsal column nuclei and the principal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. The ipsilateral thalamic projection is more abundant than the contralateral. The latter appears to increase in amount as the lesion is placed successively more ventrally on the medial wall of the rostral hemisphere. Some degenerating fibers cross in the corpus callosum and descend in the contralateral internal capsule but the majority cross in the dorsal part of the anterior commissure and reach the medial aspect of the anterior limb of the contralateral internal capsule. A somatotopical organization of the medial wall of the rostral hemisphere has been demonstrated. The rostrocaudal part projects upon the ipsilateral VPL lateralis (VPLl) and nucleus cuneatus and the contralateral nucleus gracilis and VPL medialis (VPLm). The caudal part of this cortical area sends fibers bilaterally to VPM, VPMpc, and the principal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. The intermediate part, which also includes agranular cortex on the medial wall, projects upon ispsilateral VPLm and nucleus gracilis and upon contralateral VPLl and nucleus cuneatus. — The fibers to the ventro-basal complex, dorsal column nuclei and the principal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve are rather thick. The corticofugal fibers to the other thalamic nuclei are quite thin. — The findings are discussed in light of relevant anatomical and physiological observations in the literature and special emphasis has been laid on reported observations on the “supplementary motor” area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238702
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The corticothalamic projection from the second somatosensory cortical area in the cat an experimental study with silver impregnation methods (1968)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 5 (1968), S. 153-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: SII ; Thalamus ; Cat ; Somatotopical localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The corticothalamic projection from the anterior ectosylvian gyrus in the cat has been studied with the silver impregnation method of Nauta. The second somatosensory cortical area (SII) projects upon the ipsilateral nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (VPL), nucleus ventralis posteromedialis (VPM), the posterior thalamic region (PO) and to a slight extent upon the reticular nucleus of the thalamus (R), the centrum medianum (CM), the parvocellular part of VPM (VPMpc) and the nucleus ventralis posterior inferior (VPI). A somatotopical arrangement in the projection upon the ventro-basal (VB) complex has been demonstrated and a topical arrangement in the corticothalamic fibers from SII to PO is also evident. The transitional area between SII and the second auditory cortex sends fibers mainly to the entire magnocellular part of the medial geniculate body (MGmc) and to a lesser degree to the principal division of this nucleus (MGp). The corticofugal fibers from SII follow various and rather complicated circuitous routes before they end in the different thalamic nuclei. The experimental findings are discussed in the light of recent anatomical and physiological observations. It is shown that zones B and C of SII which have been shown by Carreras and Andersson (1963) to possess a large number of place and modality specific neurons project upon the VB-complex. On the other hand, zone A which contains a majority of place and modality unspecific neurons sends its fibers exclusively to PO. Finally the problem of thalamocortical projections to SII is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238703
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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