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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopical studies of the normal nuclei ventralis lateralis and ventralis anterior thalami in the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1974), S. 57-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Thalamus ; Synapses ; Boutons ; Relay cells ; Interneurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A light and electron microscopical investigation of the nucleus ventralis lateralis (VL) and nucleus ventralis anterior (VA) of the cat's thalamus was made. Light microscopical examination of Golgi impregnated material revealed the existence of two types of cells based on differences in their dendritic arborization and branching of the axon. One of the cells is considered to be the thalamocortical relay cell, whereas the other is tentatively considered to be a Golgi type II neuron. Electron microscopical investigations of the two nuclei revealed the existence of a high number of profiles containing pleomorphic vesicles, and which have been identified as dendrites. Based on correlation with the Golgi material as well as on cytological features of the parent cell bodies, the dendrites containing vesicles are believed to belong to Golgi type II neurons. In addition to the vesicle-filled dendritic profiles, five different types of boutons have been identified. Two of these boutons, type LR and type SR, contain ovoid vesicles and establish asymmetrical synaptic contacts with dendrites of both types of neurons. Type F1, F2 and F3 boutons contain pleomorphic vesicles, but can be distinguished from dendritic profiles containing pleomorphic vesicles. Type F2 and F3 boutons establish symmetrical contacts with dendrites of both thalamocortical relay cells and Golgi type II neurons. Type F1 boutons establish symmetrical synaptic contact with the proximal dendrites or soma of the thalamocortical relay neurons only. Dendrites of both thalamocortical relay cells and Golgi type II neurons, as well as type LR, SR, F2 and F3 boutons, are engaged in glomeruli. Dendro-dendritic synapses between Golgi type II dendrites and relay cell dendrites are frequently seen, whereas no evidence of axo-axonic synapses have been found. Differences and similarities in the ultrastructural organization of VL and VA are described in some detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341383
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of a reciprocal connection between the periaqueductal gray matter and the reticular nucleus of the thalamus (1990)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 181 (1990), S. 577-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Periaqueductal gray matter ; Thalamic reticular nucleus ; Axonal transport ; Lectin conjugate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lectin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase was either injected or implanted in crystalline form in various parts of the periaqueductal gray substance in the cat. After survival times ranging between 24 and 48 h the animals were fixed, and the mesencephalon and thalamus were sectioned and processed for peroxidase histochemistry, using tetramethylbenzidine as the chromogen. Light microscopic examination of the sections revealed that there exists a prominent reciprocal connection between the ventral and lateral parts of the periaqueductal gray matter on one hand, and the reticular nucleus of the thalamus on the other. The connections are mainly ipsilateral, and involve the entire rostrocaudal extent of the thalamic reticular nucleus, but mainly the ventrolateral sector of its caudal two thirds. There is a differential labelling within the thalamic reticular nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174629
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar projections to the nuclei ventralis lateralis and ventralis anterior thalami (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1974), S. 95-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Thalamus ; Electron microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An experimental electron microscopical study has been made on the mode of termination of the cerebellothalamic projections in the cat. Supporting experimental light microscopical studies of silver impregnated sections following a large lesion of the cerebellar nuclei and light microscopical autoradiographic studies of the thalamus following injections of tritiated leucine in parts of the cerebellar nuclei, have been made as well. Following large lesions of the cerebellar nuclei, only the largest occuring type of bouton in the cat's VL and VA (type LR bouton) degenerates. Following such lesions, type LR boutons undergo a filamentous hypertrophy before becoming electrondense. One degenerating LR bouton establishes complex synapses with the dendrites of both thalamocortical relay cells and interneurons. Not all type LR boutons in VL and VA degenerate following lesions of the cerebellar nuclei. Light microscopical autoradiographic studies as well as experimental electron microscopical investigations indicate that cerebellothalamic fibers end in clusters within VL and VA, and that the areas of termination lie more rostrally within these thalamic nuclei than has been inferred from experimental studies of silver impregnated sections following lesions of the cerebellar nuclei. The findings are discussed with respect to relevant morphological and physiological data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341384
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The corticothalamic projection from the second somatosensory cortical area in the cat an experimental study with silver impregnation methods (1968)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 5 (1968), S. 153-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: SII ; Thalamus ; Cat ; Somatotopical localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The corticothalamic projection from the anterior ectosylvian gyrus in the cat has been studied with the silver impregnation method of Nauta. The second somatosensory cortical area (SII) projects upon the ipsilateral nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (VPL), nucleus ventralis posteromedialis (VPM), the posterior thalamic region (PO) and to a slight extent upon the reticular nucleus of the thalamus (R), the centrum medianum (CM), the parvocellular part of VPM (VPMpc) and the nucleus ventralis posterior inferior (VPI). A somatotopical arrangement in the projection upon the ventro-basal (VB) complex has been demonstrated and a topical arrangement in the corticothalamic fibers from SII to PO is also evident. The transitional area between SII and the second auditory cortex sends fibers mainly to the entire magnocellular part of the medial geniculate body (MGmc) and to a lesser degree to the principal division of this nucleus (MGp). The corticofugal fibers from SII follow various and rather complicated circuitous routes before they end in the different thalamic nuclei. The experimental findings are discussed in the light of recent anatomical and physiological observations. It is shown that zones B and C of SII which have been shown by Carreras and Andersson (1963) to possess a large number of place and modality specific neurons project upon the VB-complex. On the other hand, zone A which contains a majority of place and modality unspecific neurons sends its fibers exclusively to PO. Finally the problem of thalamocortical projections to SII is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238703
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental electron microscopic study on the striatonigral projection in the cat (1970)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 11 (1970), S. 249-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Substantia nigra ; Striatonigral fibers ; Cat ; Degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the cat's substantia nigra was investigated from 2–21 days following large lesions of the caudate nucleus and the putamen. From 4 days on a large number of degenerating boutons and degenerating unmyelinated fibers are seen in the substantia nigra, in the pars compacta as well as the pars reticulata. Both parts, mainly the latter, receive striatal afferents. The degeneration in the substantia nigra following striatal lesions is of the dark type. Most of the degenerating boutons apparently are of the type I (see Rinvik and Grofová, 1970) and end on all parts of the nigral cell surface, including the dendritic spines. One instance of a degenerating presynaptic bouton in an axo-axonic synapse has been found. Some degenerating boutons also probably belong to the type II bouton, while degenerating boutons of type III were never seen following the striatal lesions. The electron microscopic identification of early axonal degeneration in the central nervous system, is discussed with reference to the paper of Cohen and Pappas (1969). Problems concerning the pars compacta versus the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra are taken up. The possible sources of origin of the different types of boutons in the cat's substantia nigra, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474385
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the fine structure of the substantia nigra in the cat (1970)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 11 (1970), S. 229-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Substantia nigra ; Cat ; Normal ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A light and electron microscopical investigation has been undertaken of the substantia nigra in the normal cat. The pars reticulata partly contains the arborization of dendrites whose cell bodies are located in the so-called pars compacta. There is a considerable overlap of the dendritic fields in the rostrocaudal direction, while the dendritic fields are very restricted in the mediolateral extension of the substantia nigra. The secondary and all subsequent branches of the dendrites of nigral cells are for considerable distances completely covered by boutons. Only few boutons contact the cell bodies. Three types of boutons are distinguished in the substantia nigra in the cat. Type I, about 90 % of the total, is of the terminal type, contains pleomorphic vesicles and establishes symmetrical synapses with nigral cell soma, dendritic trunks and spines. The type II bouton (about 10 % of the total number) is most commonly of the terminal type, contains spherical vesicles and establishes asymmetrical synapses with cell bodies and dendritic trunks of nigral cells. The type III bouton (about 2 % of the boutons) is always of the en passage type, contains pleomorphic vesicles and establishes symmetrical contacts with dendrites. All boutons in the cat's substantia nigra contain several large (700–1200 Å) dense core vesicles. Occasional axo-axonic contacts between type I and type III boutons are observed. Type I bouton is invariably presynaptic to the other. The findings are discussed in relation to some relevant problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474384
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The corticothalamic projection from the gyrus proreus and the medial wall of the rostral hemisphere in the cat an experimental study with silver impregnation methods (1968)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 5 (1968), S. 129-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex ; Thalamus ; Cat ; Nauta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The corticothalamic projections from the gyrus proreus and the medial wall of the rostral hemisphere have been studied in the cat with the silver method of Nauta. The gyrus proreus projects upon the following nuclei (for abbreviations, see list on page 133), ipsilateral R, VA, VM, VL, MD, Pc, CL, CM, Pf, VPM, VPMpc. VPI and to the contralateral principal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. The medial wall of the rostral hemisphere projects bilaterally upon R, VA, VM, VL, MD, Pc, CL, CM, Pf, VPM, VPMpc, VPI, VPL, the dorsal column nuclei and the principal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. The ipsilateral thalamic projection is more abundant than the contralateral. The latter appears to increase in amount as the lesion is placed successively more ventrally on the medial wall of the rostral hemisphere. Some degenerating fibers cross in the corpus callosum and descend in the contralateral internal capsule but the majority cross in the dorsal part of the anterior commissure and reach the medial aspect of the anterior limb of the contralateral internal capsule. A somatotopical organization of the medial wall of the rostral hemisphere has been demonstrated. The rostrocaudal part projects upon the ipsilateral VPL lateralis (VPLl) and nucleus cuneatus and the contralateral nucleus gracilis and VPL medialis (VPLm). The caudal part of this cortical area sends fibers bilaterally to VPM, VPMpc, and the principal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. The intermediate part, which also includes agranular cortex on the medial wall, projects upon ispsilateral VPLm and nucleus gracilis and upon contralateral VPLl and nucleus cuneatus. — The fibers to the ventro-basal complex, dorsal column nuclei and the principal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve are rather thick. The corticofugal fibers to the other thalamic nuclei are quite thin. — The findings are discussed in light of relevant anatomical and physiological observations in the literature and special emphasis has been laid on reported observations on the “supplementary motor” area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238702
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