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  • Engineering  (12)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (8)
  • Chemical Engineering  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental and numerical investigations of the vacuum-forming process (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1163-1173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper exmines the influence of process variables on final thickness distributions for vacuum-formed thermoplastic parts. The process variables investigated include evacuation rate, sheet surface temperature, mold temperature, and material slip over the mold surface. The experimental data presented include, in addition to thicknesses, sheet surface temperature obtained via infrared thermography. A finite element program to model the vacuum-forming process is discussed, and the wall thickness distribution predicted by this program for a vacuum-formed part is compared with the results of the experiments.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760321613
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the construction and numerical solution of transmission-line and lumped network models of Maxwell's equations (1980)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 15 (1980), S. 13-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is sometimes convenient to express a numerical algorithm in terms of a network model. The physical picture given can often help the engineer to visualize the properties of the method. In field problems, a lumped network model corresponds to a space discrete field while a transmission-line model corresponds to a field which is discrete in space and time. In this paper, the relationship is given between the lumped network models and transmission-line network models used in the steady-state solution of Maxwell's equations in two and three space dimensions. The use of dual networks is also discussed. An analysis is given for the velocity of waves travelling in any direction across the networks and this is used to compare the accuracy of the models. The use of diakoptics or substructures for the solution of large networks is outlined and this is illustrated by a compound two-dimensional example.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620150103
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermomechanical properties of 1C molding compoundsPresented at the Annual Meeting of American Institute of Chemical Engineers in San Francisco, California on November 6, 1989. (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 609-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Eight commercial semiconductor grade epoxy compounds that are used to encapsulate 1C (integrated circuit) devices have been evaluated for their ability to minimize the development of thermal stresses which can cause failure during device temperature cycling. Thermal expansion, dynamic modulus and adhesion studies are used to describe the mechanical interaction between the plastic package and the silicon device it surrounds. A “figure of merit” is defined for the development of stress on the 1C device as it is cooled after the packaging process. The stress is shown to be proportional to the product of three terms: (αp-αs) Ep (Tanch-T) where αp and αs are the expansion coefficients for the plastic and silicon, respectively, Ep is the modulus of the epoxy and Tanch is the temperature at which the epoxy becomes anchored to the silicon device during transfer molding. In addition, the importance of good adhesion between the epoxy encapsulant and the silicon device to prevent package cracking has been demonstrated by finite element analysis and a novel adhesion test.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301008
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear reorganization in resting cysts of Colpoda duodenaria (1941)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 68 (1941), S. 197-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050680111
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of cure temperature on the thermomechanical properties of UV curable coatings (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1165-1168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method is presented to study the mechanical behavior of soft, UV curable coating material as a function of temperature of the prepolymer at cure. For such materials, the crosslink density (hence, equilibrium modulus) is found to decrease with increasing cure temperature. The three primary coatings are: a polyurethane acrylate with a nominal equilibrium tensile modulus of 200 psi, a polyurethane acrylate with a nominal equilibrium modulus of 1200 psi, and a non-urethane acrylate with a nominal equilibrium tensile modulus of 60 psi.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291704
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time temperature dependence of dual coated lightguide pullout measurements (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1169-1171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The strength of the bond between primary coating and glass for a dual coated lightguide may be judged by fixing the coating to a substrate and pulling the glass out. The values obtained from such measurements are shown to exhibit a temperature and rate dependence similar to the mechanical properties of the primary coating for a given coating system. Here we combined temperature and rate data for a universal description of the coating to glass adhesion for a dual coating system.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291705
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical relaxation of flame retardant polycarbonate using the cole-cole method (1985)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 25 (1985), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The frequency dependence of the complex-shear modulus of a nonbrominated flame-retardant polycarbonate has been successfully represented from 1 hertz (hz) to 1 gigahertz (ghz) at 190°C using a mechanical analog of the Cole-Cole dielectric analysis. Two sets of retardation times were required centered about 74 msec and 16 μsec. The β value for the short time response was 0.83 and for the longer time response was 0.58. The values of JoN determined from the common point at which the terminal-zone arc and the transition-zone arc touch the Jc″ = 0 axis yields an entanglement molecular weight, Me, of 1470 g/mole.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760250208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional finite element simulation of thermoforming (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1314-1322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The development of a finite element program specifically designed to simulate thermoforming in complex three-dimensional geometries is described. The large strain finite element model developed for simulating thermoforming processes is based on a total Lagrangian formulation which results in a nonlinear system of equations that must be solved iteratively. The nonlinear material behavior and contact between the polymer and mold surf aces ieads to additional complications in the numerical solution of the thermoforming simulation problem. In an effort to verify the accuracy of the finite element model developed in this study, analyses are compared with measurements obtained from three-dimensional three-formed parts.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760302009
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of fiber types in locomotory muscles of dogs (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 163 (1982), S. 87-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of Type I and Type II fibers, as determined from histochemical estimation of myofibrillar ATPase activity, was studied within and among the locomotory muscles of the forelimb, trunk, and hindlimb of three mongrel dogs. All Type II fibers had high oxidative capacities as estimated from the histochemical assay for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase, so they were not further divided into subpopulations. Furthermore, Type I and Type II fibers had similar oxidative potentials as indicated by both histochemistry and biochemistry.Type I fiber populations ranged between 14% and 100% in the muscles sampled. The highest percentages of Type I fibers were found in deep muscles of physiological extensor groups in the arm and thigh that serve to resist gravity (antigravity muscles) when the dog is in the quadrupedal standing position. More superficial muscles in these same groups had fewer Type I fibers. The patterns of Type I fiber distribution among muscles in the antigravity groups of the forearm and leg were the opposite of those in the arm and thigh, with the more superficial muscles of the distal limb segments having more Type I fibers than the deeper muscles. In all limb segments, muscle groups that do not serve to resist gravity did not show as much intermuscular variation. Type I fiber populations in these muscles did not exceed 50%. A stratification of fiber types also existed within muscles, both in extensor and flexor groups, with the deeper portions of the muscles having more Type I fibers than the more superficial portions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001630107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxonol dyes as monitors of membrane potential: The effect of viruses and toxins on the plasma membrane potential of animal cells in monolayer culture and in suspension (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 123 (1985), S. 326-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Optical indicators of the cationic, cyanine and anionic oxonol classes were used to evaluate the plasma membrane potential of animal cells in suspension and in monolayer culture. The optical signals were calibrated by using diffusion potential either of K+ (in the presence of valinomycin) or of H+ (in the presence of carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; FCCP); both classes of dye gave similar values of plasma membrane potential, in the range -40 to -90 mV for different cell types. Addition of haemolytic Sendai virus or Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin depolarizes cells and causes them to leak monovalent cations; these effects are antagonized by extracellular Ca2+. Cells infected with vesicular stomatitis or Semliki Forest virus become depolarized during an infectious cycle; infection with other viruses was without affect on plasma membrane potential.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041230306
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