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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 7 (1987), S. 1235-1259 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics ; CFD ; Finite Element ; Accuracy/Convergence ; Stability ; PNS/TLNS ; Turbulent ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper develops and analyses individual construction aspects of an efficient and accurate finite element algorithm for prediction of viscous and turbulent flow fields of impact in aerodynamics. The theoretical construction employs a Taylor weak statement (TWS) for coincident embedding of stability mechanisms within a classic Galerkin finite element formulation of semi-discrete approximation error orthogonalization. A wide variety of the stabilizing mechanisms of independently derived CFD algorithms are contained within the TWS theory. An implicit construction that meets the requirement of efficient convergence to steady state is developed. The theoretical asymptotic error estimates of the TWS finite element algorithm for supersonic and viscous boundary layer flows are verified. Application to a three-dimensional turbulent flow is cited.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 7 (1987), S. 489-520 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: CFD Algorithm ; Weak Statement ; Hyperbolic ; Parabolic ; Dissipation ; Dispersion ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Finite element analysis, applied to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) problem classes, presents a formal procedure for establishing the ingredients of a discrete approximation numerical solution algorithm. A classical Galerkin weak-statement formulation, formed on a Taylor series extension of the conservation law system, is developed herein that embeds a set of parameters eligible for constraint according to specification of suitable norms. The derived family of Taylor weak statements is shown to contain, as special cases, over one dozen independently derived CFD algorithms published over the past several decades for the high speed flow problem class. A theoretical analysis is completed that facilitates direct qualitative comparisons. Numerical results for definitive linear and non-linear test problems permit direct quantitative performance comparisons.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 1903-1914 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: axisymmetric shell ; mixed finite element ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An efficient, perhaps simplest, three-noded mixed finite element is proposed for axisymmetric shell analysis. The key feature in the present formulation is to start with a better variational principle in which the independent unknowns are only the quantities that can be prescribed at the shell edges. If the consistency for field approximations is satisfied, no other numerical consideration is necessary in the present element. Several examples confirm the satisfactory numerical behaviour of the present mixed element.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Fluo-3 ; Intracellular Ca2+ transient ; QNB ; Population kinetics ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The acrosome reaction induced by the zona pellucida in mouse sperm has been shown to proceed in two stages experimentally distinguishable by the fluorescent probe chlortetracycline. Entry into the first stage of sperm bound to isolated, structurally intact zonae pellucidae is blocked by the compound 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate. In this study, we show, utilizing the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fluo-3, that the first stage of the zona-induced acrosome reaction is characterized by an increase in intracellular Ca2+, followed by a decrease as the acrosome reaction proceeds. This calcium transient is completely suppressed by 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate. We conclude that the Ca2+ transient is induced by the zona pellucida and is required for the zona-induced acrosome reaction. Blockage of this sperm intracellular Ca2+ transient provides a mechanism for the inhibitory action of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate on the zona-induced acrosome reaction in mouse sperm. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1997), S. 565-572 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: mixed harmonic element ; shells of revolution ; consistent stress parameters ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple and efficient three-noded mixed harmonic axisymmetric element for shells of revolution under non-symmetric loading is developed. The present element considering shear strain is based on a modified mixed variational principle in which the independent unknowns are only the quantities prescribable at the shell edges. The non-symmetric variations of the displacements and stress resultants in the circumferential direction are decomposed in terms of Fourier series. The stress resultants are eliminated on the element level so that the standard stiffness equations are obtained. The importance of consistent stress parameters is addressed and the efficiency of the present consistent mixed element is shown. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 33 (1992), S. 1703-1720 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An assumed strain finite element formulation with a stabilization matrix is developed for analysis of geometrically non-linear problems of isotropic and laminated composite shells. The present formulation utilizes the degenerate solid shell concept and assumes an independent strain as well as displacement. The assumed independent strain field is divided into a lower order part and a higher order part. Subsequently, the lower order part is set equal to the displacement-dependent strain evaluated at the lower order integration points and the remaining higher order part leads to a stabilization matrix. The strains and the determinant of the Jacobian matrix are assumed to vary linearly in the thickness direction. This assumption allows analytical integration through thickness, independent of the number of plies. A nine-node element with a judiciously chosen set of higher order assumed strain field is developed. Numerical tests involving isotropic and composite shells undergoing large deflections demonstrate the validity of the present formulation.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 7 (1987), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Selective plasma etch ; Ceramic composites ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Transmission electron microscopy has been used to isolate and examine the intergranular glass phase in hot-pressed silicon nitride/silicon carbide composites. Previously there have been difficulties in locating a suitable region for studies of this nature because the interfering nitride and carbide grains inhibit isolation of the glass for examination. Radiofrequency plasma etching of thinned sections of 6 wt% Y2O3, 2 wt% A12O3 in Si3N4 containing 30 vol% of SiC proved to be fruitful in isolating the glass phase. A mixture of CF4 and O2 quantitatively remove the acicular nitride phase without any evidence of attack on either the glass or carbide. Composites containing ceria and magnesia as substitutes for yttria behave similarly. This indicates that glasses containing minor to major concentrations of elements forming stable fluorides inhibit the attack of fluoride ions on silica glasses containing these elements.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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