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  • Chemical Engineering  (12)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (6)
  • Apolipoprotein B-48  (3)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alterations in apolipoprotein B-48 in the postprandial state in NIDDM (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 1259-1264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Apolipoprotein B-48 ; triglyceride-rich lipoproteins ; NIDDM ; cholesterol ; triglyceride
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The intestine is a major site of cholesterol synthesis and produces apolipoprotein B-48, which is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption and secretion. The purpose of this study was to examine postprandial changes in apolipoprotein B-48 in diabetes. Six non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and six non-diabetic control subjects were given a high-fat meal (1300 kcal) and blood samples were taken pre- and postprandially, from which the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugation (density〈1.006 g/ml). Apolipoprotein B-48 was separated on 4–15% gradient gels and quantified as a percentage of the fasting concentration by densitometric scanning. Total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction, blood glucose, and serum insulin were also measured. Diabetic patients exhibited a postprandial triglyceride-rich apolipoprotein B-48 profile significantly different from that of control subjects (p〈0.05). The triglyceride and total protein concentration in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction mirrored the post-prandial profile and apolipoprotein B-48 in both groups. Significantly different patterns for triglyceride (p〈0.02) and total protein (p〈0.05) following the fat-rich meal were observed in the two groups. Fasting and postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol and total apolipoprotein B were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects (p〈0.05). Since apolipoprotein B-48 is the structural protein of intestinally-derived lipoprotein particles, these studies suggest an abnormality in intestinal lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399800
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intestinally derived lipoprotein particles in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without hypertriglyceridaemia (1995)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 32 (1995), S. 244-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Schlagwort(e): Apolipoprotein B-48 ; Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins ; Chylomicrons ; Hypertriglyceridaemia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We have previously demonstrated alterations in apolipoprotein B-48 metabolism in the post-prandial state in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This study investigates the relationship between hypertriglyceridaemia and post-prandial lipoprotein metabolism. Four groups of patients were examined: non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, with normal serum triglyceride levels (serum triglyceride 〈2.1 mmol l−1; haemoglobin HbA1c 5.5%±0.4%); poorly controlled, non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridaemia (serum triglyceride 〉2.1 mmol 1−1; HbA1c 8.8%±0.9%); nondiabetic subjects with serum triglycerides 〈2.1 mmoll−1; and non-diabetic subjects with hypertriglyceridaemia (serum triglyceride〉2.1 mmol l−1). Subjects were studied fasting and following a high-fat meal (1300 kcal). The triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugation (d〈1.006 g ml−1). Apoprotein B-48, apoprotein B-100 and apoprotein E were separated on 4%–15% gradient gels and quantified as a percentage of the fasting concentration by densitometric scanning. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-48 and apolipoprotein B-100 post-prandial profiles demonstrated a maximum increase either at 2 h or rising still further to a peak at 6 h before falling in the diabetic groups and hypertriglyceridaemic non-diabetic subjects when compared with the normotriglyceridaemic control subjects whose levels decreased after 2 h (P〈0.05). A significantly different triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apolipoprotein E profile was also exhibited by the diabetic patients (P〈0.05). Levels of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein and apoprotein B were elevated in the hypertriglyceridaemic subjects, both diabetic and non-diabetic. These results indicate that hypertriglyceridaemia is associated with altered metabolism and composition of post-prandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in both poorly controlled diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00576257
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in diabetes (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Schlagwort(e): Apolipoprotein B-48 ; Apolipoprotein B-100 ; Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein ; Non-insulin-dependent diabetes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The role of the intestine in cholesterol metabolism in human diabetes in unclear, although abnormalities have been demonstrated in cholesterol synthesis and absorption in diabetic animals. This study examines the relationship between fasting and post-prandial apolipoprotein B-48 in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Eight type 2 diabetic patients and ten healthy non-diabetic control subjects were given a high-fat meal (1300 kcal), and the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugation (d〈1.006 g/ml) from fasting and post-prandial plasma. Apolipoprotein B-48 and apo B-100 were separated on 4%–15% gradient gels and quantified by densitometric scanning with reference to a purified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apo B-100 preparation. Diabetic patients had significantly higher concentrations of apo B-48 and apo B-100 in both the fasting (P〈0.05) and post-prandial (P〈0.001) triglyceride-rich lipoprotein samples compared with non-diabetic subjects. The diabetic patients also exhibited a significantly different post-prandial profile for apo B-48 and apo B-100, with a prolonged increase and a later post-prandial peak, than the non-diabetic subjects (P〈0.01). These results suggest that the raised fasting triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, often found in diabetes, are associated with apo B-48 and may be derived from increased intestinal chylomicron production. The post-prandial pattern suggests an abnormality in intestinal production as well as hepatic clearance of apo B-48 in type 2 diabetes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048544
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A note on equations of time (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 410-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010321
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Experimental investigation of polarization effects in reverse osmosis (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 966-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: With a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, salt concentration profiles were measured in a reverse osmosis system under natural convection with the membrane in a vertical position. The measured concentration profiles compared favorably with those predicted theoretically as long as the motion remained laminar. At large distances from the leading edge, however, the flow developed a wavy pattern, especially for bulk salt concentrations in excess of 0.1 moles/liter. As expected, whenever this motion became especially pronounced, the concentration of salt at the membrane surface was less and the production rate of fresh water greater than that predicted using the laminar analysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200518
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Approximate equations for time of batch fractionation (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Analytical expressions are obtained for the calculation of the time required for batch rectification of binary feeds which may be treated by assuming constant relative volatility and no column holdup. The equations cover constant reflux operations and varying reflux constant product operations for the two cases involving either a large or a small number of theoretical stages. The latter type of calculation has hitherto been possible only by tedious graphical methods. This paper introduces novel pseudoequilibrium curves which lead to simple equations of considerable accuracy. The equations obtained may be rearranged or modified so that other factors such as sharpness of fractionation may be represented analytically.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010117
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equation for flow past spheres: Part II. Viscous flow around circulating spheres of low viscosity (1967)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 220-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Steady state solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations for Reynolds numbers of 0.1, 1, 50, 100, and 200 have been obtained by using finite-difference methods. The effects of radial and angular step size and wall proximity have been investigated. Results were found in the form of stream function and vorticity distributions with pressure distributions and drag coefficients calculated from them. The results compare favorably with experimental data and show a steady trend from Hadamard-Rybczynski flow to boundary-layer flow after Levich-Chao-Moore. For a circulating sphere of low viscosity there is no flow separation indicated at Reynolds numbers equal to or less than 200.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690130207
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mass transfer inside drops (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 6 (1960), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The transfer rates of n-butanol, cyclohexanol, and ethyl acetate into water drops have been measured for circulating and oscillating drops.Methods of allowing for the end-effect transfer have been extended and measured values compared with predictions of a model.Various mechanisms for transfer inside drops have been examined in terms of a correlation factor.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690060128
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A study of sieve-tray efficiencies (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 6 (1960), S. 373-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The performance of sieve trays in the rectification of the methanol-water system without entrainment or leakage from the perforations was studied in an 8-in.-diameter five-tray column. The trays had a 2-in. weir height and 4-in. length of liquid path. Three tray geometries were studied: 1/4-in. diameter holes on 3/4-in. triangular spacing, 1/8-in. holes on 3/8-in. triangular spacing, and 3/16-in. on 7/16-in. triangular spacing. The superficial vapor velocity was varied from 2.2 ft./sec. to the limit of stable operation, which for this apparatus was 4.4 ft./sec. The ratio LM/VM within the column was varied from 1 to 0.5. The Murphree plate efficiency varied greatly from 105% at low concentration to 82% at high concentrations of methanol. Variations of 10 or 12 efficiency % were noted owing to changing velocities and tray geometries. Measurements of concentration gradients, foam heights, and gas pressure drops are also reported. This paper proposes a method of calculating the point efficiency and the number of individual-phase mass transfer units independent of the actual concentration gradient on the tray.The method is applied to the methanol-water data, and calculated point efficiencies range from 50 to 65%. The value of 1/NL for the methanol-water system is found to be small. The values of NG and the effect of the velocity on NG are believed to be the first in the literature for a tray in distillation operation. The effect of velocity is shown to be in agreement with the theory proposed by Gerster and co-workers. It is shown that kG' aG decreases for increasing free area and increasing hole size. Finally variation in LM/VM is shown to have little effect on EMV.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690060307
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mass transfer studies in an agitated vessel (1956)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 2 (1956), S. 412-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A study of rates of dissolution of organic solid from a flat surface into turbulent liquid in a mixing tank of 6 in. I.D. is reported for five systems - benzoic acid-n-water, salicylic acid-water, salicylic acid-benzene, succinic acid-n-butanol, and succinic acid-acetone. Previous theories for the rates of mass transfer are reviewed and compared, and experimental results analyzed and correlated by an equation in terms of dimensionless groups similar to that of Hixson and Baum, Sherwood and Gilliland, and Rushton and Oldshue. The close agreement between the theoretical and experimental values of the exponent of the Schmidt number in this equation may provide new and significant evidence for the applicability of the surface-renewal theory to mass transfer from a flat solid surface into a turbulent liquid.For free rotational agitation, a local mass transfer coefficient with respect to the position of a cast solid was detected quantitatively. However, the insertion of four baffles into the tank gave a uniform mass transfer coefficient regardless of the position of the cast solid. A decrease in the mass transfer coefficient was observed when baffles were used.The advantages of the constant and stationary interface, the stability and simplicity of the apparatus, the possibility of duplicating experimental results, and the success of the detection of a local mass transfer coefficient suggest that the present apparatus and procedures could be used for the study of the theory of mass transfer rates from flat surfaces.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690020322
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