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  • Chemistry  (20)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (7)
  • Onion fly  (4)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pungent spices, ground red pepper, and synthetic capsaicin as onion fly ovipositional deterrents (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 719-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; oviposition ; deterrent ; capsaicin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In laboratory choice experiments, the spices dill, paprika, black pepper, chili powder, ginger, and red pepper deterredDelia antiqua oviposition by 88–100%. Dose-response choice tests demonstrated that 1 mg of ground cayenne pepper (GCP) placed within 1 cm of artificial onion foliage reduced oviposition by 78%. A synthetic analog of capsaicin, the principal flavor ingredient of red peppers, deterred oviposition by 95% when present at 320 ppm in the top centimeter of sand (the ovipositional substrate). However, in no-choice conditions 10 mg GCP was not an effective deterrent. Sevana Bird Repellent and Agrigard Insect Repellent both use red pepper as a principal ingredient; at recommended field rates, neither of these materials was an effective ovipositional deterrent either in laboratory or field. Capsaicin-based materials do not appear to be candidates for onion maggot control via behavioral modification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014714
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of onion fly attractants and ovipositional stimulants by bacterial isolates cultured on onion (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 905-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; Erwinia carotovora varcarotovora ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; food attractant ; ovipositional stimulant ; dipropyl disulfide ; 2-phenylethanol ; pentanoic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Decomposing onions at certain microbial successional stages produce potent volatile attractants and ovipositional stimulants of the onion fly,Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). A reproducible source of these compounds was obtained by culturingErwinia carotovora var.carotovora (EC) on sterile onion tissue. In laboratory choice tests, EC-inoculated onion was more attractive thanKlebsiella pneumoniae (KP) cultured on onion, EC cultured on potato (a nonhost of onion fly), or the chemical synthetic baits dipropyl disulfide and an aqueous solution of 2-phenylethanol and pentanoic acid. Onion flies were mildly attracted to potato after inoculation with EC, but females did not accept EC-inoculated potato for oviposition. This work emphasizes that sources of semiochemicals may need to be defined microbiologically as well as physically and chemically.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015186
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Responses ton-dipropyl disulfide by ovipositing onion flies: Effects of concentration and site of release (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1261-1277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; onion maggot ; Delia antiqua ; Hylemya antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; host selection ; oviposition ; dipropyl disulfide ; behavior ; herbivore ; plant-insect interactions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Onion fly females,Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) laid the most eggs on ovipositional dishes havingn-dipropyl disulfide (Pr2S2) release rates of 1–6 ng/sec from polyethylene capsules placed beneath a sand substrate. When dipropyl disulfide was released from the wax coating of surrogate foliage rather than from the substrate, ovipositing females again responded differentially to various concentrations, laying more eggs around stems containing 0.075 and 0.089 mg/stem. Factorial combinations of several concentrations released from surrogate foliage and substrate showed that releases from surrogate foliage stimulated four times more egg-laying than releases from the substrate. Females tended to lay more eggs around surrogate stems having Pr2S2 at the base rather than on the upper half of foliage. Observations of individual females performing preovipositional examining behaviors on Pr2S2-treated surrogate stems indicated that females tended to land on the upper portions of the foliage, but after landing, spent most of their time examining areas of soil and surrogate within 1 cm of the soil-surrogate foliage interface. Surrogate stems provide a realistic context for investigating effects of plant chemicals on host-acceptance behaviors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020553
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Onion fly egg distribution in soil: a new sampling method and the effect of two granular insecticides (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; egg distribution ; soil sampling ; agar infusion ; insecticide ; Lorsban™ 15 G ; chlorpyrifos ; Dyfonate™ 15 G ; fonofos ; ovipositional behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A method for rapidly determining the vertical and horizontal distribution of insect eggs in fragile soil is described. Liquefied agar is allowed to permeate intact soil samples from below; after cooling, the resulting solid is cut into thin sections, from which eggs can be recovered by washes with hot water. This technique revealed that in organic (muck) soil in the laboratory, undisturbed onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), laid 95% of their eggs within a 10 mm diameter zone around the base of a surrogate onion ‘stem’ arising vertically from the soil. Ninety % of all eggs were found in the top 12 mm of soil, with an apparent maximum at depth of 2–4 mm. Increasing fly density from 30 to 200 flies per 30×30×42 cm cage flattened the horizontal distribution of eggs and extended the ovipositional range from c. 15 mm to beyond 60 mm, suggesting there was competition for the preferred ovipositional sites. Surface treatment of muck soil in the field by granular formulations of the insecticides Lorsban™ 15 G (active ingredient chlorpyrifos) and Dyfonate™ 15 G (fonofos) three weeks prior to bioassaying reduced egg-laying at depths greater than 8 mm. The relation between the measured egg distribution and mortality factors in soil (low moisture and high temperature) is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192777
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modelling studies of the controlled anionic copolymerization of butadiene and styreneDedicated to Professor Maurice Morton to commemorate the establishment of the Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science at the University of Akron. (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 33 (1994), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Schlagwort(e): anionic copolymerization ; modelling studies ; styrene ; butadiene ; polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The anionic polymerization of isoprene with n-butyl lithium and polar modifier such as TMEDA and tripiperdinophosphine oxide were studied and kinetic and reactor models are proposed for these systems. Reactor conversion, molecular weight distribution and polymer glass transition temperature had been calculated from the model and compared favorably to the actual data for various combinations of reactor systems and operating conditions. Simulations of the model can be used to design reactor systems and predict polymer properties of large-scale operations from results of small scale batch reactor runs.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210330205
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fundamental modeling in anionic polymerization processes (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 2395-2417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The anionic solution polymerization of butadiene was studied employing both batch and continuous reactor operations with n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) initiator, tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) modifier, and hexane solvent. A model was proposed that described the kinetics as a function of both the fully modified and unmodified regressed rate data. Using the proposed kinetic model, the conversion, vinyl structure, and heterogeneity index of polymers produced for a series of continuous runs were successfully predicted. The model was used to simulate several process configurations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070391115
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The reaction engineering of the anionic polymerization of isoprene (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 1589-1599 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The anionic solution polymerization of isoprene with n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) initiator and tetramethylethylenediame (TMEDA) modifier or n-butyllithium (n-BuLi)initiator and tripiperidinophosphine (TPPO) modifier was studied and kinetic and reactor models are proposed for both systems. Reactor conversion, molecular weight distribution, and polymer glass transition temperature had been calculated from the model and compared favorably to actual data for various combinations of reactor system and operating conditions. Simulations of the models can be used to design reactor systems, and predict polymer properties of a large-scale operation from results of small-scale batch reactor runs. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070470907
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The rheology of polysulfonePaper presented at AIChE Meeting in San Francisco, 1975. (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 372-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The viscosity-shear rate functions for polysulfone (PSF) condensates ranging from 0.4RV to 0.95RV were determined using capillary rheometry, The most probable distribution of molecular weights of these resins allowed facile comparison with the polydisperse Bueche theory for viscosity, The agreement in shape of the viscosity function with theory was good but the data were displaced by a factor of 3 to 4 to higher reduced shear rate, a fairly common occurrence for melts. The high absolute value of PSF viscosity was explained with existing empirical correlations as a combination of low critical molecular weight and strong intermolecular interactions. The temperature dependence of viscosity was found to be close to that for polystyrene in the temperature range, Tg + 90 to Tg + 190°C. The die swell, end corrections, and melt fracture characteristics were also determined. The latter was found to occur at a constant wall shear stress of about 6 × 106 dynes/cm2 while the die swell and end corrections were found to be small.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760180507
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simulation of extrusion coating by tape drawing (1979)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 19 (1979), S. 1098-1103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Neck-in and maximum stress were studied in a tape-drawing experiment using a 3.5 MI low density polyethylene at 300°C. The conditions of the experiment were designed to reproduce closely those found in extrusion coating lines. The maximum stress was found to increase roughly with the 1.6 power of the drawdown ratio and the 1.0 power of the extrusion speed over a stress range of 4 × 103 to 5 × 105 Pa produced by drawdown ratios ranging from 2 to 22 and extrusion speeds of 2.3 to 6.1 cm s-1. The neck-in decreased weakly with drawdown ratio at low extrusion speed and with extrusion speed at constant drawdown ratio. After carefully characterizing the test resin in shear and extension, the similarities between predicted pure-shear (planar extension) transients and the tape experiments were studied. It was found that the trends, but not the magnitude of the experimental maximum stress were quite similar to the calculated longitudinal stress in pure shear. The behavior of the transverse to longitudinal stress ratio in pure shear was similar in behavior to the neck-in results, but considerable improvement was achieved by adding in a decayed stress from a simple-shear transient to simulate the conditions produced by the extrusion die. The philosophy of purposefully studying similarities between transient, pure or simple deformations and steady, complex processes is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760191506
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of seawater-resistant polyurethane elastomers for use as sonar encapsulants (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 911-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Polyurethane systems based on aliphatic diisocyanates were evaluated for suitability for use as underwater transducer encapsulants. A preliminary evaluation was performed to select the most promising urethane systems for further development. An investigation was then undertaken to determine the effect of compositional changes on the properties of these urethanes. The compositional parameters investigated were the soft-segment molecular weight, the prepolymer isocyanate content, the composition of the cure formulation, and the cure stoichiometry. These urethanes were subjected to long-term aging in seawater. It was found that this exposure did not significantly effect the physical or dynamic mechanical properties of the urethane.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420405
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