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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular dynamics simulation of crystalline β-cyclodextrin dodecahydrate at 293 K and 120 K (1987)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 15 (1987), S. 211-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: β-cyclodextrin dodecahydrate ; molecular dynamics simulation ; hydrogen bonds ; empirical force field ; water molecule diffusion ; positional disorder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for crystalline β-cyclodextrin dodecahydrate (β-CD) at two different temperatures, 293 K and 120 K, have been performed using the GROMOS program package. The calculated structural properties are compared to those obtained from neutron diffraction studies of this system at the quoted temperatures. The simulation was carried out over a period of 20 ps on four unit cells containing 8 β-CD molecules and 96 water molecules, whereby all atoms were allowed to move. At room temperature, the experimental positions of the (non-hydrogen) glucose atoms are reproduced within 0.034 nm, a value which is smaller than the experimental (0.041 nm) or simulated (0.049 nm) overall root mean square (rms) positional fluctuation. The corresponding numbers for the low temperature study are 0.046 nm, 0.019 nm and 0.022 nm. At both temperatures the experimentally observed degree of anisotropy of the atomic motions is also found in the simulations. The comparison of a variety of structural properties leads to the conclusion that the molecular model and force field used are able to simulate the cyclodextrin system very well. Experimentally observed differences in properties as a function of number of glucose units in the CD molecule (α-CD, 6 versus β-CD, 7) and as a function of temperature are qualitatively reproduced by the simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00577069
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A molecular dynamics simulation of crystalline α-cyclodextrin hexahydrate (1987)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 15 (1987), S. 197-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: α-cyclodextrin hexahydrate ; molecular dynamics simulation ; empirical force field ; hydrogen bonds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of crystalline α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) hexahydrate, form I (C36H60O30·6H2O, space group P212121) is experimentally so well determined by X-ray and by neutron diffraction analyses that the positions of all the hydrogen atoms are available. This provides an opportunity for testing an empirical force field that is currently used in simulations of protein and nucleic acid structures by performing molecular dynamics studies employing the GROMOS program package on a system of 4 unit cells containing 16 α-CD molecules and 96 water molecules. A detailed comparison of the simulated and experimentally determined crystal structures shows that the experimental positions of the α-CD atoms are reproduced within 0.025 nm, well within the overall experimental accuracy of 0.036 nm; that the water molecules are on average within 0.072 nm from their experimental sites, with two thirds reproduced within experimental accuracy by the calculations; that high correlation is produced, between the occurrence of simulated and experimentally observed hydrogen bonds. The good agreement between simulated and experimental results suggests that the tested force field is reliable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00577068
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelle Untersuchung des statistischen Größeneinflusses im Dauerschwingversuch an ungekerbten Stahlproben (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 52-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experimental Investigation of the Statistical Size-Effect in Fatigue Tests with Unnotched Specimens.In constant-load-fatigue-tests with unnotched specimens of different lengths, the statistical effect of specimen's size in probability of lifetime to fracture was determined.
    Notes: Im einstufigen Dauerschwingversuch an ungekerbten Proben mit unterschiedlichen Meßlängen konnte der statistische Einfluß der Probengröße auf deren Bruchwahrscheinlichkeit experimentell nachgewiesen werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19750060204
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrumentation for SFC systems: Different sampling and restriction designs (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 11 (1988), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary SFC ; Instrumentation ; Sampling techniques ; Restrictors ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Different designs of injection and restriction devices for capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) have been investigated with respect to their practical applicability and usefulness for reproducible and accurate qualitative and quantitative analyses. In combination with a self-made instrument a fast switching valve is preferable as an injection device compared to a split-injector, and an integral restrictor made from the end of the fused silica (FS) separation column was superior to a linear restrictor made by coupling a small diameter FS-column to the separation column.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240110210
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kenntnis der Chemie der Metallcarbonyle in flüssigem Ammoniak. IV. Über Neue Substitutionsprodukte des Cr(CO)6 mit aromatischen Aminen (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 300 (1959), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By interaction of alkali pentacarbonyl chromates(-II) with aromatic mono-, di-, and triamines at room temperature only pentacarbonyl amine chromium(0) compounds are formed. Wheras m- and p-phenylene diamine are linked with two and 1, 3, 5-triaminobenzene with three Cr(CO)5-groups, o-phenylene diamine forms a corresponding compound with only one Cr(CO)5-group. Unlike ethylene diamine or cyclohexane diamine(1,2) o-phenylene diamine does not give a tetracarbonyl chromium(0) compound.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von Alkali-pentacarbonyl-chromaten(-II) mit wäßrigen Lösungen von aromatischen Mono-, Di- und Triaminen bei gewöhnlicher Temperatur erhält man stets Pentacarbonyl-amin-chrom(0)-verbindungen, die sich als echte Substitutions-produkte des Cr(CO)6 erweisen. Während m- und p-Phenylendiamin zwei und 1,3,5-Triaminobenzol drei Cr(CO)5-Gruppen zu binden vermögen, erhält man im Falle des o-Phenylendiamins eine entsprechende Verbindung mit nur einer Cr(CO)5-Gruppe. Insbesondere entsteht bei letzterem - im Gegensatz zum Äthylendiamin - keine Tetracarbonyl-chrom(0)-verbindung. Eine solche bildet sich hingegen, wenn man an Stelle des o-Phenylendiamins das hydrierte o-Phenylendiamin, also Cyclohexandiamin(1,2), zur Reaktion bringt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19593000105
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das erste Oligo-Oxo-Aluminat: Na14[Al4O13] (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 507 (1983), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The First Oligo-Oxo-Aluminate: Na14[Al4O13]Colourless single crystals of Na14[Al4O13] are formed by reaction of Na2O and Al2O3 in a closed Ni-cylinder at 980 K. The compound is very sensitive against moisture. Na14[Al4O13] crystalizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with 2 formula units (a = 599.7, b = 2704.0, c = 596.9 pm, β = 120.1°). The characteristic feature of the structure, the anion [Al4O13]14-, is built of four AlO4-tetrahedra, sharing vertices. The connection of these groups by the counter-cations is discussed.
    Notes: Farblose Einkristalle von Na14[Al4O13] bilden sich bei der Reaktion von Na2O mit Al2O3 bei 780 K im geschlossenen Ni-Bömbchen. Die Substanz ist stark feuchtigkeitsempfindlich. Na14[Al4O13] kristallisiert in der monoklinen Raumgruppe P21/c mit 2 Formeleinheiten (a = 599,7, b = 2704,0, c = 596,9 pm, β = 120,1°). Die charakteristische Baugruppe der Struktur ist das erstmals erhaltene Anion [Al4O13]14-, welches von vier über Ecken verknüpften AlO4-Tetraedern gebildet wird. Die Verknüpfung dieser Gruppen durch die Gegenkationen wird besprochen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19835071219
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das erste Oligo-Oxo-Aluminat: Na14[Al4O13] (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 512 (1984), S. 240-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845120525
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das erste Oxid vom Formeltyp K5[MO4]: K5[TIO4] [1] (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 517 (1984), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The First Oxide with the Formula Type K5[MO4]: K5[TlO4]Light yellow powder and pale yellow transparent single crystals of K5[TlO4] were newly prepared from mixtures of binary oxides (K2O/Tl2O3) preheated and levigated several times [closed Ag-cylinder, 580°C, 24 h and 600°C, 20 d]. Space group Pbca with a = 1170.4(3), b = 686.1(1), c = 2079.2(5) pm, Z = 8 [four-circle-diffraktometer data, 997 I0(hkl), R = 7.87%, Rw = 5.63%, MoKα] (parameter s. text). The crystal structure belongs to the Na5[GaO4] type. Structural aspects, ECoN and MAPLE are discussed.
    Notes: Neu dargestellt wurden hellgelbes Pulver und blaßgelbe durchsichtige Einkristalle von K5[TIO4] aus mehrmals innig verriebenen, vorgetemperten Gemengen der binären Oxide (K2O/Tl2O3) [geschlossenes Ag-Bömbchen, 580°C, 24 h bzw. bei 600°C, 20 d]. Es liegt die Raumgruppe Pbca mit a = 1170,4(3), b = 686,1(1), c = 2079,2(5) pm, Z = 8 vor. [Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten, 997 I0(hkl), R = 7,87%, Rw = 5,63%, MoKα] (Parameter s. Text). K5[TlO4] ist isotyp zu Na5[GaO4]. Strukturelle Aspekte, ECoN und MAPLE werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845171005
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kenntnis der Na5[GaO4]-Verwandtschaft: KNa4[GaO4] und CsK4[GaO4] (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 511 (1984), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: About the Na5[GaO4]-Relationship: KNa4[GaO4] and CsK4[GaO4]KNa4[GaO4] was newly prepared from binary oxides (powders) and also from KGaO2/Na2O/K2O (colourless columnar single crystals) in a closed Ag-cylinder at 600 and 650°C. Space group Pbca with a = 1046.1(2), b = 596.3(1), c = 1871.1(3) pm, Z = 8 [Four-circle-diffractometer data, 1138 I0(hkl), MoKα, R = 8.29, Rw = 6.76%, anisotropic refinement] (Parameter s. text).Colourless cubic single crystals of hitherto unknown CsK4[GaO4] are formed by reaction of K2O, CsGaO2, and Cs2O (surplus) in a closed Au-tube at 580°C. Space group Pbca with a = 1154.7, b = 667.7, c = 2096.6 pm, Z = 8 [Four-circle-diffractometer data, 1798 I0(hkl), MoKα, R = 7.62, Rw = 7.68%, anisotropic refinement] (Parameter s. text). Both crystal structures belong to the Na5[GaO4] type. Structural aspects, ECoN, and MAPLE of KNa4[GaO4] and CsK4[GaO4] in relation with Na5[GaO4] are discussed.
    Notes: Neu dargestellt wurde KNa4[GaO4] aus den binären Oxiden (Pulver) bzw. aus Gemengen von KGaO2/K2O/Na2O (säulenförmige farblose Einkristalle) in einem geschlossenen Ag-Bömbchen bei 600 bzw. 650°C. Es liegt die RGr. Pbca mit a = 1046,1(2), b = 596,3(1), c = 1871,1(3) pm, Z = 8 vor. [Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten, 1138 I0(hkl), MoKα, R = 8,29%, Rw = 6,76%, anisotrope Verfeinerung] (Parameter s. Text).Farblose würfelförmige Einkristalle von bislang unbekanntem CsK4[GaO4] entstehen aus K2O, CsGaO2 und Cs2O (überschuß) im zugeschweißten Au-Rohr bei 580°C. RGr. Pbca mit a = 1154,7, b = 667,7, c = 2096,6 pm, Z = 8 [Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten, 1798 I0(hkl), MoKα, R = 7,62%, Rw = 7,68%, anisotrope Verfeinerung] (Parameter s. Text). Beide Kristallstrukturen gehören zum Na5[GaO4]-Typ. Strukturelle Aspekte, ECoN und MAPLE von KNa4[GaO4] und CsK4[GaO4] werden im Vergleich zu Na5[GaO4] diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845110421
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berichtigung (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 521 (1985), S. 240-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19855210228
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