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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antineoplastic efficacy of melphalan andN-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl-ω-lysine, in combination with diazoxide or insulin in autochthonous mammary carcinoma of the Sprague-Dawley rat (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Antineoplastic efficacy ; Melphalan ; Diazoxide ; Insulin ; Mammary carcinoma ; Sprague-Dawley rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anticancer activity of melphalan andN-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl-ω-lysine (CNC-ω-Lys), was compared in the autochthonous, methylnitrosourea-induced mammary carcinoma of the Sprague-Dawley rat. In addition, the influence on the therapeutic efficacy of the combination with diazoxide, causing a mild, reversible diabetes, and with insulin was investigated. The comparison of melphalan and CNC-ω-Lys clearly showed the superiority of melphalan. Both compounds displayed a significant tumour inhibition in their medium and the highest dosages in comparison to the untreated control. The combination with diazoxide resulted for almost all groups in an increased tumour inhibition. Only the lowest dose of CNC-ω-Lys + diazoxide did not reduce the tumour volume significantly versus the control group. The combination with insulin, however, resulted in a loss of tumour inhibition compared to the effect of the cytotoxic drug alone, although in these groups, too, a significant decrease of tumour volumes versus controls could be observed. Mortality was within tolerable limits (〈20%) through the treatment period for all experimental groups. Median lifespans were increased in all therapy groups, but no additional benefit could be observed in the combination treatment groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01612639
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Androgen-linked alkylating agents: biological activity in methylnitrosourea-induced rat mammary carcinoma (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 538-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Androgen-linked alkylating agents ; Methylnitrosourea ; Mammary carcinoma ; Anticancer activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This article gives a comprehensive survey on the anticancer activity of nitrosoureas linked to steroidal androgens in methylnitrosourea (MMU)-induced rat mammary carcinoma. cis-Androsterone, testosterone, 19-nortestosterone and 5-α-dihydrotestosterone were used as carrier hormones and were linked to various cytotoxic N-[N′-(2-chloroethyl)-N′-nitrosocarbamoyl] (CNC)-aminoacids and to N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N′-(2-chloroethyl)-N′-nitrosourea hemisuccinate (HECNU-hemisuccinate). In the MNU-model used esters of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) invariably were more active and less toxic than those of testosterone, nortestosterone and cis-androsterone. Within the DHT esters of CNC-aminoacids those of CNC-glycine, CNC-methionine and CNC-alanine showed the highest antineoplastic activities and superiority compared with equimolar dosages of their unlinked mixtures. Additionally, CNC-alanine-DHT ester had the highest therapeutic ratio of all agents investigated. HECNU-hemisuccinate-DHT ester, on the other hand, achieved even higher antitumor activity at the optimal dose but had a narrower therapeutic ratio. No obvious correlation between antineoplastic efficacy and receptor binding affinity could be demonstrated, but, to be active, a conjugate apparently had to have some receptor binding affinity for both androgen and progesterone receptors. The results obtained indicate that linking antineoplastic agents to transport molecules with affinity to steroid receptors is a highly promising approach to obtain drugs with specific activity in steroid receptor containing tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637072
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential relationship of vitamin A and E levels in methylnitrosourea-induced Sprague-Dawley rats following prolonged feeding of fatty diets enriched with the vitamins (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 470-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Vitamins A, E ; Semisynthetic fatty diet ; Methylnitrosourea ; Mammary carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prolonged supplementation of vitamins A and E (2500 IU and 11.3 IU/rat daily) in 10.3% and 21.6% fatty diets administered to methylnitrosourea-induced Sprague-Dawley rats caused alterations in plasma and liver levels of both vitamins as well as of the total lipids. Liver vitamin A levels increased steadily (more than four-fold) until termination of the experiment, whereas plasma vitamin A levels only showed a minor increase at the end of the study in comparison to rats fed a standard diet. Liver vitamin E levels initially showed no difference from those of rats treated with a standard diet, and were decreased at the end of the experiment, whereas the respective plasma levels were increased throughout the study, only showing a decrease relative to initial values at termination of the experiment. Plasma total lipids increased with age and following supplementation of the vitamins in the high-fat diet, whereas liver total lipids were influenced less by aging than by the fat and vitamin contents of the respective diets. The observed alterations were, however, not related to significant chemopreventive activity of the vitamins A and E contained in high-fat diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01612996
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinematics of a rolling tire and its application to tire performance (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2 (1959), S. 174-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A geometrical analysis is given of the tread motions occurring in the contact length of a rolling tire. Both the case of a free rolling wheel and that of a wheel under torque are discussed. We have derived expressions and curves for the relative slip and compressions which occur at the contact length for the two conditions. It is found that two important structural features control the nature of tread motions. These are the torsional rigidity of the sidewall and the compressibility of the tread. In addition, the implication of the analysis in tire design and performance are discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070020507
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of elastomers to any forcing function (1960)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 4 (1960), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic behavior of elastomers is usually studied in terms of a sinusoidal system. The theoretical and practical limitations of such analysis are discussed. A method which permits calculation of dynamic properties over a wide range of frequencies and forcing functions is described. The theoretical justification and limitations as well as the experimental setup are presented. Using SBR, natural rubber, and butyl, examples of the dynamic responses for various forcing functions are shown. The analogue computer is used to show properties of the above described rubbers which are useful from both the theoretical and application-oriented viewpoints.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1960.070041204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a vulcanizate of the halogenated butyl rubber, MD-551. I. Gum properties (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 322-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We have found that vulcanizates of MD-551 and butyl rubber at identical crosslink densities have similar properties in low deformation tests at room temperatures. At high extension, the butyl has considerably higher tensile strength which we have associated with crystallization. The MD-551, on the other hand, shows heat stability far superior to that of butyl. It is postulated here that both these differences follow from the nature of the crosslinks in each polymer. The crosslinks in the MD-551 are thought to be both mechanically and chemically more stable than those in butyl. This prevents crystallization on stretching and enhances high temperature stability. Thus far, we have been concerned only with the gum properties of the MD-551. From our previous work, we would expect carbon black to improve the tensile properties of MD-551. Furture work will therefore be concerned with properties of reinforced MD-551. In addition, studies will be made in order to learn more about the crosslinks and how they affect vulcanizate performance.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051512
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note regarding thermodynamics of crystalline copolymers (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 62 (1962), S. S145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1962.1206217457
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The swelling of polymer solvents. III. Sorption of liquids by elastomers (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 58 (1962), S. 1141-1152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Sorption of liquids by elastomers is advanced as a means of studying polymer structure. Liquids represent a wider versatility in this regard over vapors since they allow choices of molecular sizes, shapes, and configurational distributions, and thermal effects not available with vapors. Configurations, coiling versus stretched-out molecules, are examined and shown to be of considerable importance in the sorption process. The problem of determination of the concentration dependence is attacked by use of a binary solution as a sorbent or swelling agent. The binary solution is so chosen that one liquid may be considered the solvent and the other liquid a nonsolvent for the particular elastomer. The ternary solution of butyl network - hexane - acetone was used in sorption experiments at 25°C. The total uptake of the binary liquid was measured from zero time to equilibrium in an optical swelling apparatus. Simultaneously, the composition of the binary liquid sorbed at any time was measured in a recording differential refractometer. The two sets of data were combined to calculate the ratio of the two liquids sorbed. The dilution procedure succeeded in varying the apparent activity of the solvent hexane. Preferential sorption of hexane was observed, but significant amounts of the nonsolvent acetone enter the network. The known equilibrium uptake values of hexane from the binary solutions are used to determine the concentration dependence of the diffusion of liquid hexane in a butyl network at 25°C. D0 = 2 × 10-9 cm.2 sec.-1 and a concentration dependence of 10 were obtained by this method. “Activities” for the hexane in the diluted form are calculated for an elastically calibrated network. The activities for the entire concentration range studied agree well with those of a comparable swollen polymer - liquid system such as natural rubber - benzene vapor. Test of the generality of the present method is suggested. Such a test would involve examination of the dependence of the hexane activities so calculated on the nature of the nonsolvent used in the binary liquid.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1962.1205816671
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the polymerization of ethylene with a ziegler-natta catalyst. I. Principal kinetic features (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 83 (1965), S. 80-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Kinetik der Äthylenpolymerisation in einer speziellen Apparatur wurde untersucht. Eine stabile Katalysator-Kombination (Al(C2H5)2Cl/γ-TiCl3), die während der Polymerisation keine Änderung erfährt, wurde angewendet. Es werden Bedingungen beschrieben, unter denen die Reaktion (a) unabhängig, (b) abhängig von der Monomer-Übertragungsgeschwindigkeit ist. Nach einer Anlaufperiode verläuft die Polymerisation mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit, bis das Reaktionsgemisch nicht mehr ausreichend gerührt werden kann. Der Katalysator wird weder okkludiert noch desaktiviert, so daß unbegrenzte Polymermengen mit einer bestimmten Katalysatorkonzentration hergestellt werden können. Sofern die Reaktion nicht durch den Monomer-Transport bestimmt wird, ist die Geschwindigkeit linear von Monomer- und TiCl3-Konzentration abhängig und unabhängig von der Al(C2H5)2Cl-Konzentration. Wasserstoff setzt bei konstantem Äthylendruck die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit herab.
    Notes: The kinetics of the polymerization of ethylene was studied in an apparatus which is described. A stable catalyst combination [Al(C2H5)2Cl/γ-TiCl3] which does not change during the polymerization was used. Conditions are defined under which the reaction is (a) independent of mass transfer rate (b) controlled by mass transfer. After an initial period, the polymerization proceeds at constant rate until the slurry is too thick to stir adequately. The catalyst is neither occluded nor deactivated so that unlimited quantities of polymer can be made from a given amount. When the reaction is not controlled by mass transfer, the rate is linearly dependent on monomer and TiCl3 concentration and is independent of Al(C2H5)2Cl. Hydrogen reduces the rate of the polymerization at a constant partial pressure of ethylene.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1965.020830107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Frage der Hepatitisübertragung durch γ-Globulin. Nachtrag zur Arbeit von Hs.Nitschmann, P. Kistler und W. Lergier: „Vereinfachtes Verfahren zur Gewinnung von humanem Albumin und γ-Globulin aus Blutplasma mittels Alkoholfällung“ (1954)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 37 (1954), S. 1545-1546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19540370521
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