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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosensitive polymers with pendent p-dialkylaminobenzylideneacetophenone residues as photoinduced radical polymerization initiators (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 2983-2993 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymers with pendent p-dialkylaminobenzylideneracetophenone (PABA) groups were prepared by copolymerization of 4-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidenemethylcarbonyl)phenyl methacrylate (1) with alkyl methacrylates and by the substitution reaction of poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-methyl methacrylate) with sodium 4-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidenemethylcarbonyl)phenolate (3). The polymers having PABA groups become insoluble upon photodimerization of PABA. Furthermore, the photosensitivity of the polymers increases considerably when mixed with vinyl monomers and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI) during irradiation. The photocrosslinking may involve graft polymerization initiated by PABA which sensitizes the decomposition of DPI to form radicals. Introduction of unsaturated groups like maleate or crotonyl groups into the PABA polymer depresses the shrinkage of the photocured polymer film when the polymer was mixed with DPI. Sensitivity characteristics of PABA polymers toward Ar laser emitting 488 nm light are mentioned.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021881219
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of poly(ethylene glycol) on the photochemical immobilization of an enzyme in photocrosslinkable poly(vinyl alcohol) (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 763-768 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A novel method was applied to improve the activity of enzymes immobilized in photocrosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol). Whereas the addition of glycerol to photosensitive poly(vinyl alcohol), bearing a styrylpyridinium group, diminishes the rate of photocrosslinking as well as the mechanical strength of the insolubilized gel, no considerable decrease in the rate of photoreaction was observed when poly(vinyl alcohol) was mixed with poly(ethylene glycol). This difference is based on the phase separation of the two water-soluble polymers, resulting in the formation of a porous structure of the photocrosslinked gel. Immobilization of invertase in the photocrosslinked gel in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) changes the activity, because of the case of diffusion of the substrate into the porous matrix.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021880410
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversible alignment change of liquid crystals induced by photochromic molecular films, 15Part 14: cf. ref.(8). Convenient methods to prepare “command surfaces” by surface-selective modification of thin films of poly(vinyl alcohol) with azobenzene units (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 193 (1992), S. 2163-2174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A thin film of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA of different saponification degree) coated on a glass plate was subjected to a surface-selective introduction of azobenzene moieties by treatment with a solution of 4-(4-hexylphenylazo) phenoxyacetyl chloride/pyridine or 4-(4-hexylphenylazo) phenoxybutanal /ptoluenesulfonic acid. Cells were fabricated by sandwiching a nematic liquid-crystalline material between two surface-modified glass plates. Alternating exposure to UV and visible light causes a reversible alignment of the liquid crystal molecules. Rubbing of the surface-modified PVA resulted in an improved optical quality of the cell and enabled us to construct a photoresponsive twisted nematic cell. The advantages of the present method for preparing “command surfaces” are discussed from a practical point of view.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1992.021930832
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel imaging system by dye-sensitized photooxidation of oxazole groups attached to a polymer backbone (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 2215-2224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Copolymers of 2-(3-methacryloyloxypropyl)-4,5-diphenyloxazole (3) with various monomers were prepared. It was observed that the oxazole rings attached to the copolymer backbone are converted efficiently to the corresponding triacylamino residues by photooxidation using meso-tetraphenylporphin as a photosensitizer in solution and in a thin film of the polymer. This photoinduced transformation in a copolymer 5c having N-isopropylacrylamide as a comonomer was found to be applicable to a positive working photoresist by development with an aqueous solution of amines to dissolve the exposed areas of the film. A new system for positive image formation by visible light is presented.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940806
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photocrosslinking behavior of poly(vinyl alcohol)s with pendent styrylpyridinium or styrylquinolinium groups (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 2973-2982 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinyl alcohols) (PVA's) with pendent styrylpyridinium (SbQ), styrylquinolinium (QQ), or oxystyrylquinolinium (OQQ) exhibit anomalously high photosensitivity, even if the content of photosensitive groups is very low. This phenomenon was studied by measuring the sensitivity to crosslinking quantitatively using monochromatic light. When the content of SbQ or OQQ exceeds ca. 1 mol-%, the photoinduced gelation behaviour was found to be in the line with Charlesby's equation, suggesting that the absorbed light energy leads specifically to interamacromolecular photodimerization of SbQ or OQQ. Under these circumstances, the quantum efficiency for the photodimerization of SbQ and OQQ was estimated to be in the ranges of 0,31-0,37 and 0,10-0,17, respectively. The applicability of PVA-SbQ to water-developable photoresists for microfabrications is discussed. The sensitivity characteristics of PVA having OQQ and analogous groups is also mentioned in view of the application to Ar laser resists.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021881218
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and reactions of polymers having 1-aroyl-2-(3-pyridyl)ethylenes as photosensitive groups (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 4127-4135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The reactions of 1-aroyl-2-(3-pyridyl)ethylenes (APE) with polychloromethylstyrene (PCMS) yield polymeric systems which undergo rapid crosslinking upon short exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. The photochemical reaction of polymers as well as model compounds was followed by the measurement of UV absorption of APE and the analysis of extinction coefficient difference (ED) diagrams.1
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320326
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-ethanol permseparation by pervaporation through photocrosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) composite membranes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 1717-1729 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Water-ethanol permselectivity was investigated by pervaporation through composite membranes which were prepared by coating photocrosslinkable poly(vinyl alcohol) containing pendant styrylpyridinium group (0.86-3.93 mol %) on porous films. These membranes were water-permselective, and the selectivity was dependent on the state of membranes; namely, incorporation ratio of styrylpyridinium group on poly(vinyl alcohol), molecular weight of the base polymer, coating thickness of a photopolymer, etc. Photocrosslinkable styrylpyridinium group showed, of course, the ionic character by a pyridinium moiety to work on permseparation of water effectively as well as preventing the dissolution of membranes by crosslinking. Membranes based on the higher molecular weight poly(vinyl alcohol) (P = 1700) gave the higher permselectivity of water in general than those of lower molecular weight (P = 500) one. Swelling of the polymers reached 160%, and permeation rate through the membranes increased with the increase of swelling. Selective diffusion of water was found to take place in swelling, and to play a part in the water-permseparation through the membranes.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070360801
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric inclusion by de novo designed proteins: Fluorescence probe studies on amphiphilic α-helix bundles (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 11 (1991), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: fluorescence depolarization ; coiled-coil ; induced circular dichroism ; exciton chirality ; ANS ; acridine orange ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The inclusion feature and supersecondary structure of the de novo designed proteins which are constructed with several amphiphilic α-helices and flexible linkage parts were investigated with fluorescence probes. Five types of small proteins (or peptides) have been designed, which are composed of 2, 3, 4, 4, and 6 helices, respectively, and are linked with only linear junctions except for one of 4-helix proteins. All of these proteins have inclusion ability for hydrophobic fluorophores. Further, by the analysis of fluorescence polarization anisotropy, it was suggested that these proteins include guest molecules in compact helix bundles constructed with about 4 helices. Asymmetric inclusion of both monomer and stacked dimer of acridine orange derivatives was found by means of induced circular dichroism except for the 4-helix protein with cross-junction. The chirality of the included dimer proved to be in accordance with the chiral sense of α-helical coiled-coil. The 6-helix protein has especially high efficiency in inclusion for any fluorophores examined in this study and brings about a significant blue-shift of maximal emission for 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340110206
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosensitive poly(methacrylates) having styrylpyridinium and styrylquinolinium groups (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 3063-3077 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three methods to introduce photodimerizable styrylpyridinium or styrylquinolinium groups to methacrylate polymers are described. Among these, copolymerization of methacrylate monomers with methacrylated styrylpyridine or styrylquinoline offered the most convenient procedure to prepare photosensitive polymers because of the excellent solubility of the polymers having the photofunctional groups in high content. Subsequent treatment with p-toluenesulfonic acid to quaternize the pyridine or quinoline moiety made the polymer highly photosensitive. The polymers having a styrylquinolinium group were found to be sensitive to 488 nm light of an Ar laser, and the sensitivity was about 3 mJ/cm2 when the content of the photosensitive group was 15 mol %.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080251111
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of dihydroxamic acid chelating polymers and the adsorptive property for uranium in sea water (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1953-1966 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of new chelating polymers bearing dihydroxamic acid groups and the adsorptive ability for uranium in sea water are described. Chloromethylated polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene was treated with diethyl malonate in N, N-dimethylformamide to give the polymer having diethyl malonate groups. This polymer was then treated with hydroxylamine in methanol to afford the dihydroxamic acid polymer. The presence of hydroxamic acid groups was confirmed by the appearance of IR absorption band at 1680 cm-1. The dihydroxamic acid polymer contained carboxylic acid groups as well as hydroxamic acid ones, and the contents of carboxylic acid and hydroxamic acid groups were estimated from elemental analysis to be 2-3 and 2-4 mmol/g, respectively. The polymer showed the adsorptive ability of 40 μg-U/g in 8 days for uranium in sea water. In addition, the polymer showed the selective adsorptivity for iron, nickel, copper, and zinc as well as uranium. The macroreticular-type polymer showed much higher adsorption rate for uranium in sea water than the gel-type ones did, suggesting that the rate depends on the diffusion of the uranium in the polymer support.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240817
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