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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Extractants for available Zn ; Hill and forest soils ; Rice ; Threshold value ; Zinc response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The available Zn in 25 soils of Sub-Himalayan hill and forest region was determined by using some chemical extractants to evaluate its critical limit in soils and rice plant. The critical limit of soil available Zn using DTPA-CaCl2, DTPA-NH4HCO3, EDTA-NH4OAc and EDTA-(NH4)2CO3 was 0.76, 0.86, 0.85 and 1.18 ppm, respectively. The amount of Zn extracted by these extractants was positively and significantly correlated with per cent dry matter yield. In addition to per cent dry matter yield, the Zn extracted by DTPA-CaCl2, DTPA-NH4 HCO3 and EDTA-(NH4)2CO3 was also positively correlated with Zn concentration in 3rd leaf of rice, Zn concentration in rice shoots, Zn uptake by rice shoots and organic carbon content of the soil, and negatively correlated with soil pH.The 2N MgCl2 and 0.1N HCl extractants were found to be not suitable for these soils. Among the four promising extractants, EDTA-(NH4)2CO3 was most efficient as the value of critical limit determined by it expressed 82.4% predictability in the degree of accuracy against 36.8% with EDTA-NH4OAc. Hence EDTA-NH4OAc is the least efficient extractant for estimation of available Zn in such soils. The critical Zn concentration in 3rd leaf of rice was worked out to be 21.5 ppm below which economic responses to Zn application can be expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Organic manures ; Residual effects ; Rice ; Yield ; Zinc application ; ZnO suspension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Application of zinc sulphate mixed with compost/poultry manure proved to be equivalent to the effect of dipping the seedling roots in 4% ZnO suspension with respect to rice yields but Zn-amended organic manures were superior to other treatments with regards to total Zn uptake. A marked residual effect of soil applied treatments was recorded on the succeeding maize crop. Application of poultry manure alone was about one and a half times more effective than compost alone in increasing the rice and maize grain yields. Poultry manure surpassed compost in increasing zinc uptake by the crops and at the same time it built up more available Zn in soil than compost for the following crop. The magnitude of yields and Zn uptake response were magnified when zinc sulphate was applied along with organic manures. Application of 25 kg zinc sulphate/ha alone had the same effect as 50 quintals poultry manure alone or 12.5 kg zinc sulphate applied with 50 quintals compost/ha with respect to crop yields. A significant positive correlation was, recorded in both the crops between Zn concentration in grain or straw and their respective yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcareous soil ; DTPA-extractable iron ; Iron ; Lentil ; Rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a pot experiment with 26 calcareous soils, the critical limit of Fe in soils and plants was evaluated. DTPA-extractable Fe was found significanty correlated with Bray's per cent yield in rice. The Fe2+ (iron) in rice and lentil was also found significantly correlated with DTPA-extractable Fe as well as Bray's per cent yield showing thereby the superiority of Fe2+ (iron) in leaves over DTPA-extractable soil Fe to differentiate Fe responsive soils from non-responsive ones. The total Fe content in plant tissues does not seem correlated with the occurrence of Fe deficiency. The threshold values of DTPA-extractable soil Fe and Fe2+ (iron) in rice and lentil leaves were 6.95, 44 and 74.5 ppm, respectively below which appreciable responses to Fe application were observed. The optimum Fe level for these soils was found to be 10 ppm in which the dry matter yield response in all the 19 rice soils and 16 lentil soils ranged from 14.28 to 56.16 (Av. 25.75%) and 13.31 to 53.97 (Av. 22.47%), respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 254-257 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: oxalate oxidase ; PEG-immobilized oxalate oxidase ; polyethylene glycol ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxalate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4), obtained from the beet stem, was covalently linked to polyethylene glycol (PEG). Compared with native enzyme, the modified oxalate oxidase exhibited decreased electrophoretic mobility, increased storage stability, higher thermal stability, and resistance to heavy metal inactivation and proteolytic digestion. The chemical modification of oxalate oxidase with PEG also brought about a marked shift in its optimal pH, from pH 4.5 to 6.5, without altering its Michaelis constant (Km) significantly. These acquired properties of the immobilized oxalate oxidase render it suitable for possible applications in clinical, nutritional, and medical fields. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 115 (1983), S. 103-114 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Copolymerisationsparameter einiger halogensubstituierter aromatischer Amine wurden nach der Methode von Kelen-Tüdős und Fineman-Ross graphisch bestimmt. Bei der Copolymerisation mit den Comonomeren p-Toluidin oder p-Nitrophenol erwies sich die Reaktivität der halogensubstituierten aromatischen Amine in der Reihenfolge der Basenstärke ansteigend. Jedoch kehrt sich diese Reihenfolge um, wenn diese halogensubstituierten Amine mit p-Nitroanilin copolymerisiert werden. Diese Umkehr der Reaktivität wurde mit der Polarisation und Resonanzstabilisierung der Monomeren erklärt.
    Notes: Reactivity ratios of some halogen substituted aromatic amines have been determined by using Kelen-Tüdős and Fineman-Ross linear graphical methods. On copolymerization with p-toluidine or p-nitrophenol as comonomer, the reactivity of halogen substituted aromatic amines was found to be in the order of their basic strength. However, this order of reactivity gets reversed when these halogen substituted amines are copolymerized with p-nitroaniline. This reversal of reactivity has been interpreted in terms of polarization and resonance stabilization of the monomeric species.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 147 (1987), S. 185-197 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde die Pfropfcopolymerisation von Methylmethacrylat auf Naturjute (chemisch modifiziert) unter Verwendung von V5+-Cyclohexanol als Redoxinitiatorsystem untersucht. Die Einflüsse von Zeit, Metallionenkonzentration (V5+), Monomerem (MMA), Substrat, Anteil an Jutefasern, Temperatur und Säurekonzentration auf die Pfropfausbeute sind bestimmt worden. Es wurde auch der Einfluß einiger organischer Lösungsmittel und anorganischer Salze auf die Pfropfausbeute untersucht. Es wird ein Mechanismus für die Pfropfreaktion angegeben und das Geschwindigkeitsgesetz abgeleitet. Das Pfropfen hat die thermische Stabilität und die Lichtechtheit der Jutefasern, die mit basischen Farbstoffen gefärbt sind, verbessert. IR-Spektren von Naturjute (chemisch modifiziert) und gepfropfter Jute wurden aufgenommen. Eine Pfropfausbeute von mehr als 170% konnte mit diesem System erreicht werden.
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto natural jute (chemically modified) was studied using V5+ -cyclohexanol redox initiator system. The effects of time, concentration of metal ion (V5+), monomer (MMA), substrate, amount of jute fibers, temperature, and acid concentration on graft yield have been studied. The effects of some organic solvents and inorganic salts on graft yield have also been studied. A grafting mechanism is proposed and an expression has been derived for the reaction rate. Grafting has improved the thermal stability and the light fastness of jute fibers dyed with basic dyes. IR spectra of the natural jute (chemically modified) and grafted jute have been taken. More than 170% graft yield could be achieved with the present system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 157 (1988), S. 79-91 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Kinetik der Polymerisation von Acrylnitril in wäßriger Lösung mit Peroxodi-sulfat-Thioharnstoff als Redoxinitiator wurde im Temperaturbereich von 40-50°C erforscht. Der Einfluß der Konzentration von Thioharnstoff, Monomeren und Peroxodisulfat auf die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit als such auf den Umsatz wurde untersucht. Auch die Auswirkungen einiger anorganischer Salze und verschiedener oraganischer Lösungsmittel auf die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit wurde studiert. Die Untersuchung des isolierten Polymeren erfolgte mittels IR-Spektroskopie. Ein ge-eignetes kinetisches Schema wurde vorgeschlagen und ein pasender Geschwindig-keitsaudruck abgeleitet.
    Notes: An investigation on kinetics of aqueous polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) initiated by peroxodisulfate-thiourea redox system has been carried out in the temperature range of 40° to 50°C. The concentration effect of thiourea, monomer, peroxodisulfate on polymerization rate and percentage of conversion has been studied. The effect of some inorganic salts and different organic solvents on polymerization rate has also been investigated. The isolated polymer has been characterized by IR spectra. A suitable kinetic scheme has been proposed and appropriate rate expressions have been derived and explained in the light of experimental findings.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 142 (1986), S. 69-78 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Kinetik und Mechanismus der Verzögerung der Polymerisation von Acrylnitril mit einem V5+-Thioharnstoffkomplex als Initiator durch Phenol wurden im Temperaturbereich von 40-50°C untersucht. Die Auswirkung von Verzögerungsagens (Phenol), Metallion, Monomerem, Schwefelsäure, einigen anorganischen Salzen und organischen Lösungsmitteln wurden ebenfalls untersucht. Die bemerkenswerteste Beobachtung in der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist die Tatsache, daß bei der Auftragung von [M]/Rp gegen 1/[M] ein positiver Achsenabschnitt erhalten wird. Ein Reaktionsmechanismus und eine passende Geschwindigkeitsgleichung wurde vorgeschlagen und anhand der experimentellen Ergbnisse erläutert.
    Notes: Studies have been made on the kinetics and mechanism of the retardation of V5+-thiourea initiated polymerization of acrylonitrile by phenol in the temperature range 40 - 50°C. The effects of retarder (phenol), metal ion, monomer, sulphuric acid, some inorganic salts, and organic solvents have also been studied. The most remarkable observation in the present investigation is the positive intercept obtained from the plot of [M]/Rp vs. 1/[M]. A reaction mechanism has been suggested and a suitable rate expression has been proposed and explained in the light of experimental findings.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 150 (1987), S. 65-79 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde die Propfcopolymerisation von Methylmethacrylat (MMA) auf chemisch modifizierte Tussa Seidenfasern in wässrigem Medium unter Verwendung von Kaliumperoxodisulfat-Thioharnstoff als Redoxinitiatorsystem bei 60°C, untersucht. Die Einflüsse der Reaktionszeit, der Konzentration des Oxidans, Thioharnstoff (TU), des Monomeren (M) und des Anteils an Seidenfasern auf die Pfropfausbeute sind untersucht worden. Ebenfalls sind die Einflüsse des Reaktionsmediums, der Säurekonzentration und einiger anorganischer Salze und organischer Lösungsmittel auf den Pfropfgehalt ermittelt worden. Ein signifikanter Anstieg im Pfropfgehalt wurde mit zunehmender Monomerkonzentration bis 65,86 · 10-2 mol · 1-1 beobachtet, während die weitere Zunahme der Monomerkonzentration von einer Abnahme der Pfropfausbeute begleitet ist. Die Pfropfausbeute steigt mit zunehmender Thioharnstoffkonzentration bis 10 · l0-1 mol · 1-1, oberhalb dieser Konzentration fäillt sie sehr stark ab. Ein meßbarer Anstieg der Pfropfausbeute wurde auch bei Zunahme der Konzentration des Oxidans bis 0,08 mol · 1-1 beobachtet, oberhalb dieser nimmt die Pfropfausbeute ab. Die Pfropfausbeute war vom Medium abhängig. Es wurde ein Reaktionsmechanismus des Pfropfprozesses vorgeschlagen und ein Ausdruck fur die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit aufgrund der experimentellen Ergebnisse entwickelt. Es wurden IR-Spektren der gepfropften und Originalfasern aufgenommen und ihre charakteristischen Banden identifiziert. Das thermische Verhalten der Original- und gepfropften Fasern wurde mit Hilfe der Thermoanalyse ermittelt. Das Pfropfen erhöhte sowohl die thermische Stabilität als auch die Lichtbeständigkeit der Seide, die mit Rhodamin B gefärbt war.
    Notes: The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto chemically modified tussa silk fibers in aqueous media using potassium peroxodisulfate-thiourea redox initiator system was studied at 60°C. The effects of time of reaction, concentrations of oxidant, thiourea (TU), monomer (M), amount of silk fibers on graft yield have been studied. The effects of reaction medium, acid concentration, and some inorganic salts and organic solvents on grafting have also been investigated. A significant increase in percent of grafting was observed with increasing monomer concentration to 65.86 · 10-2 mol · 1-1; a further increase of monomer concentration is associated with the decrease of graft yield. The graft yield increases with an increase of thiourea concentration up to 10 · 10-1 mol · 1-1, beyond which it decreases very significantly. A measurable increase of the graft yield was also observed with an increase of the oxidant concentration up to 0.08 mol · 1-1 beyond which the graft yield decreased. The graft yield was medium dependent. The reaction mechanism of the grafting process has been proposed and a rate expression has been derived on the basis of experimental findings. IR spectra of the grafted fiber and original fiber have been taken and their characteristic bands have been identified. The thermal behaviour of the original and grafted silk fibers has been studied by TGA and DTG analysis. Grafting has improved thermal stability as well as the light fastness of silk dyed with Rhodamine B.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1811-1813 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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