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  • 1
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Full scale tests and laboratory tests of low alloy steels in wet and liquid H2S containing environmentsThe results of five hydrogen induced cracking(HIC)-Round Robin tests of steels exhibiting different levels of HIC susceptibility involving nine laboratories and a smaller number of hydrogen induced stress corrosion cracking (HSCC)-Round Robin tests are presented. These results are compared with the results of full scale tests using the same steels and the same liquid environment as in the Round Robin tests. This full scale tests were followed by full scale tests with humidified gaseous environments saturated with H2S and CO2.
    Notes: Es werden die Ergebnisse von Ringversuchen an 5 niedriglegierten, hochfesten Röhrenstählen unterschiedlicher HIC-Beständigkeit zur Bestimmung deren Wasserstoff-induzierter Spannungsrißkorrosionsbeständigkeit und der HIC-Beständigkeit in üblichen H2S gesättigten, wäßrigen Prüflösungen mit pH 3 bzw. 5 unter Beteiligung von bis zu 9 Laboratorien beschrieben. Diese Ergebnisse werden mit Bauteilversuchen unter Verwendung der gleichen wäßrigen Prüflösung und weiteren Bauteilversuchen mit feuchten, H2S und CO2 enthaltenden Gasen verglichen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 23 (1881), S. 395-401 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 23 (1957), S. 23-46 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Osmotic pressure, initial phase separation, and viscosity results are presented for dilute solutions of cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, and ethyl cellulose, using polymers of similar molecular weight and degree of substitution. A fairly wide range of solvents has been used in each case. Osmotic pressure results suggest molecular dispersion of polymer in most solvents but there is evidence for association of ethyl cellulose in aromatic hydrocarbons. Values of the Huggins μ are obtained and, for systems involving cellulose nitrate and ethyl cellulose in homologous series of ketones and acetates, seem to fall to a minimum and then increase on ascent of each series. It is suggested that the heat term in μ should include an exothermic contribution arising from solvation in addition to an endothermic contribution resulting from mixing of solvated polymer and solvent. It is tentatively suggested that, in a homologous series of solvents, the entropy and exothermic contributions may not vary much and that the variation of μ may arise from varying endothermic contributions. The volumes of hexane required to cause initial phase separation of the nitrate and acetate from solution increase with solvent power, as estimated from μ, but with ethyl cellulose the volumes tend to decrease. It is suggested that solvated polymer may separate from solutions involving polar solvents and, making certain assumptions, estimates are made of the solubility parameters of the polymers separating. Those for cellulose nitrate vary markedly with solvent. The variation of solubility parameter with solvent is less with cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose but in the latter case values for polymer separating from polar solvents are less than from nonpolar. Comparison of these estimated solubility parameters with those of the solvents and hexane suggests that the volumes of hexane required to cause initial phase separation will only serve as measures of solvent power if the solubility parameters of solvents and precipitant all lie on the same side of that of the polymer separating. This seems to be so for cellulose acetate and possibly the nitrate but not for ethyl cellulose. Comparison of viscosity parameters and values of μ suggests that in certain cases both [η] and the initial slope of the plot of ηsp/c against c increase with solvent power. Other suggested viscosity measures of solvent power do not seem to be generally applicable. Some variation of chain configuration with solvent seems probable. Solvation, solvent type and association of polymer may also affect the viscosities of dilute solutions of cellulose derivatives.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 59 (1962), S. 155-169 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Measurement of the yield of cellulose in glucose-containing cultures of Acetobacter acetigenum as a function of inoculum size and growth time has suggested a general physical mechanism of cellulose synthesis. The physical mechanism is that a certain number of chain initiators, or primers, are produced by each bacterium which then add on monomer units to form cellulose. Models for the synthesis, within the proposed physical mechanism, are described and examined in the light of DP measurements made on cellulose grown for different times. The model in which the average growing time of the chains is less than 40 min. is accepted; models invlving nonterminated chains and chains terminated at cell division are rejected. The DP measurements were made by a viscometric technique which permitted the use of never-dried cellulose samples. Dried samples and their nitrates were found to be insoluble in their usual solvents. The viscosity average DP of the cellulose was found to be 3500; the mean average generation time of A. acetigenum was found to be 270 min.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 13 (1988), S. 233-236 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The oxygen glow discharge plasma modification of a contact lens material has been studied using SSIMS. SSIMS provides evidence at the molecular level for the conversion of surface organosiloxane species to inorganic silica functionalities with treatment time. These findings shown an excellent correlation with a dramatic increase in surface hydrophilicity, as derived from surface energy studies, on plasma treatment. This study further illustrates the potenial of SSIMS in the determination of the molecular changes at the surface during the plasma treatment process.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 14 (1989), S. 115-120 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The polymer surface compositions of some polyesters of importance in biomaterial science and advanced drug delivery have been examined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS). The XPS results show good quantitative stoichiometric correlation with the known chemical composition of the polyesters. The SIMS spectra show systematic fragmentation patterns in both positive and negative ion modes for the series of structurally related polymers. Evidence for the presence of radical cation formation in SIMS is presented. Comparison between the SIMS spectra of poly-glycolic acid and poly-lactic acid and the pyrolysis mass spectra of these polymers are made, and conclusions drawn on the different mechanisms of fragmentation. The combined application of SSIMS and XPS is shown to give a highly detailed analysis of these polyesters.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 8 (1986), S. 75-81 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Negative ion static SIMS spectra are presented for several polymers whose positive ion spectra have been well characterized previously. The negative cluster ions present in the spectra of poly-methyl methacrylate, poly-hydroxy ethylmethacrylate and poly-ethylene terephthalate provide detailed information on polymer side chain and back-bone structure complementing and clarifying the information previously only obtainable from positive ion emission. The detection and optimization of structurally informative negative cluster ions is discussed in relation to experimental parameters and the role of surface potential.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 12 (1988), S. 472-472 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 12 (1988), S. 19-24 
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper examines the influence of oxygen and environmental temperature on the generation of smoke from burning polystyrene sheet. The experimentation was performed using a Stanton Redcroft HFTA linked to a Stanton Redcroft FTB Smoke Box. The results showed that different forms of smoke were formed depending upon the environmental conditions. For example, in oxygen-enriched atmospheres and at elevated environmental temperatures, as in spacecraft fires, large smoke particles were formed with a lower level of obscuration. This phenomenon was accompanied by higher rates of burn and high fire temperatures. At lower oxygen contents, as in real-life fire conditions, close to the Critical Oxygen Index, finer smoke particles were formed which gave a higher level of obscuration. The time to maximum obscuration was comparatively long.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 6 (1984), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A review is presented of the use of static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS) and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS) in applied surface analysis. Some common criticisms of SIMS are discussed first, and then the experimental apparatus required is described briefly. Four main areas of application have been chosen: catalysts, polymers, glasses and metals, to illustrate the power of SSIMS/FABMS in characterising the chemical state of material surfaces. Finally the very new technique of SSIMS imaging has been described and some preliminary results presented, to indicate its potential in obtaining chemical state information at high spatial resolution.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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